The importance of hands in the transmission of nosocomial infection has been world wide admitted. However, it is difficult to induce this behavior in health-care workers. The aim of the present work was to point out the importance of hand bacteria colonization, the influence of hand washing and of patient physical examination. One hundred health-care workers were randomly divided in two groups: Group A without hand washing previous to patient physical examination or handling (PPE); group B with hand washing previous to PPE. Direct fingerprint samples in Columbia agar before and after PPE were obtained. The colonies were counted and identified by conventional techniques, and antibiograms according to NCCLS were performed. Before PPE group A participants showed a high number of bacteria regarding group B participants (73.9 Vs 20.7; p < 0.001); 44 out of 50 participants were carriers of potentially pathogen bacteria. No group B participants were carriers of potential pathogen bacteria before PPE. The latter group showed an increase in number of bacteria after PPE (20.7 CFU (before) Vs 115.9 CFU (after); p < 0.001). Sixteen group B participants were contaminated after PPE with potential pathogens such as S. aureus (50% of them methicillin resistant); Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis, half of them multiresistant. We can conclude on the importance of these results to implement educational programs and to provide the health-care workers with the proper commodities to fulfill this practice.
Background: Biofilms (BF) impacts on many aspects of our lives. The pathogenesis of diverse infections is related to the presence of originating microorganisms, including Candida yeast, which could play a role in the immunoapathogenesis, persistence and lack of response to treatment. The purpose of this work was to investigate the in vitro capacity for developing BF via Candida albicans (Ca), Candida troplicalis (Ct) and Candida glabrata sl (Cg) strains, obtained from genitourinary infections. Methods & Materials: 12 strains were studied from each species through the 96 well microtiter plate method on a flat background. They were planted and incubated on agar Sabouraud for 24hs at 37 • C. Afterwards, the inoculum were prepared and adjusted to a final concentration corresponding to a 0.5 Mc Farland scale. 100 ml of inoculum were placed in each well and 100 ml of Sabouraud broth was added at double concentration, on an overnight culture at 37 • C, recovering nutrients after 24hs. 12 wells were left apart as a target reaction. After that, the broth was removed, cleansing each well 3 times with PBS. Then they were fixed by methanol and proceeded to the coloring with safranin. After 15 minutes we cleaned 3 times to remove any coloring residue and the colored BP were eluted with acetic acid. These determinations were performed 3 times per strain, nonsimultaneous. 450 nm readings were performed, and the absence of BF was considered to the average absorbance white readings, acoording to Stepanovic. Results: Of the 12 Ca strains, 2 didn't develop any BF, 7 had a weak production and 3 on a moderate amount. For the 12 Cg, 1 didn't develop any BF, 2 had a moderate production and 9 had a strong BF. All Ct strains formed BF, 3 were moderate and 9 strong. Conclusion: We conclude from the results, that the use of this simple technique will allow us to evaluate the in vitro resistance to antifungal probiotics, prebiotics, natural compounds and chemicals on Candida strains, considering the BF formation as a pathogenesis factor related to failed treatment
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