Considerable further information will be needed to define whether and where PET or SPECT will fit in a clinical strategy. The necessary validation studies represent an exciting challenge for the future but also may require the development of interdisciplinary imaging groups to integrate expertise and optimize nuclear diagnostic potential.
Atherosclerosis is the main contributor to cardiovascular disease and leads to intimal plaque formation, which may progress to plaque rupture with subsequent thromboembolic events and/or occlusion of the arterial lumen. There is increasing evidence that the development or progression of atherosclerosis is associated with advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the non-enzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of formation and interaction of AGEs has allowed the development of several potential anti-AGE strategies. This review summarizes AGE formation and biochemistry, the pathogeneic role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease, anti-AGE therapies and clinical relevance to vascular surgery.
Atherosclerosis is the main contributor to cardiovascular disease and leads to intimal plaque formation, which may progress to plaque rupture with subsequent thromboembolic events and/or occlusion of the arterial lumen. There is increasing evidence that the development or progression of atherosclerosis is associated with advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs). AGEs are a heterogeneous group of compounds formed by the non-enzymatic reaction of reducing sugars with proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. An increased understanding of the mechanisms of formation and interaction of AGEs has allowed the development of several potential anti-AGE strategies. This review summarizes AGE formation and biochemistry, the pathogeneic role of AGEs in cardiovascular disease, anti-AGE therapies and clinical relevance to vascular surgery. Local Versus General Anaesthesia for Carotid Endarterectomy-Improving the Gold Standard ?
Background: Treatment of choice for rectal carcinoma is short-term preoperative radiotherapy (5 × 5 Gy) followed by a total mesorectal excision (TME) of the rectum. This treatment has led to a reduction in local recurrence 2 years after surgery from 8.2 to 2.4%. Side effects of this treatment seem to be marginal and of no consequence. After introduction of short-term preoperative radiotherapy we noticed a rise in the postoperative presacral abscess formation which is difficult to treat and results in readmissions and prolonged hospital stay. Research was needed to investigate whether short-term preoperative radiotherapy can be held accountable for the presumed rise in presacral abscess formation in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. Methods: A retrospective study was performed over the period January 2000–October 2004. Two groups were formed. Group 1 existed of 30 patients who underwent a TME of the rectum without short-term preoperative radiotherapy. Group two existed of 35 patients who underwent a TME of the rectum with short-term preoperative radiotherapy. Results: Statistical analysis showed a significant increase in presacral abscess formation (13 vs. 40%) after introduction of short-term preoperative radiotherapy. Radiotherapy proved to be an important risk factor. Reduction in incidence of local recurrence was not evident. Conclusion: We found a significant increase in presacral abscess formation strongly suggestive due to the introduction of short-term preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of rectal carcinoma. We noticed no reduction in incidence of local recurrence. We advocate that additional research is needed in order to formulate extra patient selection criteria for the use of preoperative radiotherapy in the treatment of rectal cancer.
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