The possibility of selecting spring rape for cold tolerance at the mature pollen grain stage was studied by investigating the effects of pollen storage at low temperatures on the quality of pollen grains and on the cold tolerance of the plants generated from them. Pollen treatments of F, hybrids affected fertilization ability much more than viability and even after 10 days storage at 3 or 10°C the pollen germination percentage was reasonably high. Pollen storage for 7 or 10 days at 3 or 10°C significantly increased the cold tolerance of F2 seed germination, with 3°C being more effective. Pollen storage for a shorter time had no effect upon the number of resulting genotypes tolerant to low temperature. This approach may be successfully apphed in plant breeding to enrich segregating plant populations with cold-tolerant genotypes.
The purpose. Assessment of cold resistance of selection material by man gametogophyte, determination of optimum reduced temperature regimen for sprouting blossom dust, selection of coldresistant genotypes with their further use in selection process for creation on their base of kinds and hybrids with high ecological toughness. Methods. Method of sprouting of blossom dust in nutrient medium in conditions of action of the factor. Cold resistance was assessed by ability of blossom dust to germinate and form long pollen tubes. Results. Sprouting of blossom dust in conditions of cold caused decrease of percentage of sprouting and length of pollen tubes in experimental alternatives. Temperature regimens 2±1 and 3±1°С have greater selective action in comparison with temperature regimens 5±1 and 7±1°С and can be offered as optimum for cold sprouting of blossom dust. Conclusions. It is determined that cold sprouting of blossom dust in nutrient medium in greater extent influenced percentage of germination of blossom dust, than length of pollen tubes. Average extent of lowering by attributes has made accordingly 72,7 and 41,5%. For the further selection researches 3 kinds which have manifested durability to cold to both attributes are offered.
Flowering Brassica napus at high temperatures leads to a negative impact on the generative organs of plants, reducing the viability and fertility of pollen, changes in the hormonal background. There is an acceleration of embryo development and, as a result, that significantly increases the level of abortion of embryos, decreases the level of auxin and increases the defects of embryos, worsens the germination of pollen tubes in vitro and in vivo. There is the development of seedless pods, inhibition of seed development and as a consequence, reduced yields. Influencing pollen of different varieties and hybrids by temperature stressors, analyzing its fertility and sterility, the presence of abnormal, defective pollen grains, and their number the length of pollen tubes, the ability of pollen to germinate under both in vivo and in vitro conditions allows to select from the population resistant to this factor genotypes for use in breeding studies The aim of our research was to study the viability of winter rape pollen under the conditions of treatment with high temperature pollen in a nutrient medium. The research was conducted at the Institute of Oilseeds Crops of NAAS. Four varieties and one sample of winter rapeseed of foreign selection were taken for the experiment. Pollen and anthers in the experiment were exposed to the higt temperature of 32 ± 1ºC, in the control variants pollen and anthers not exposed to the stressor. The inhibitory effect of the factor was evaluated by the degree of reduction of pollen viability in experimental variants compared with controls. In the control variants for all tested varieties large differences in the percentage of pollen germination were not observed, the minimum was in the variety Pronto - 41.1%, the maximum in the variety Tenor - 50.5%. Experimental variants for this indicator also differed little from each other. The maximum percentage of pollen germination in the experiment was for the variety Jan - 15.0%, the minimum for the variety K571 - 11.4%. The differences between the control and experimental variants in 4 varieties and the sample were significant. According to the degree of reduction of pollen viability in experimental variants in comparison with control all provided varieties and samples differed, the greatest degree of decrease of 76.3% was noted for Tenor variety, what is the evidence of low resistance of its pollen to high temperature, the smallest degree of reduction of this indicator - 32, 5% was noted for the sample K571, which is an indicator of the highest stability at the pollen level compared to other varieties tested. In the experiment on anther heating, the viability of pollen of all varieties and samples did not differ significantly from similar indicators of the previous experiment. The lowest percentage of pollen germination was observed in the Cornet variety - 0.3, the highest in the Pronto variety - 3.2, respectively. The degree of reduction in the percentage of pollen germination in the experimental variants compared to the control was high in all varieties tested, the differences between this indicator in the control and experimental variants were significan Thus, according to the obtained results germination of pollen in a nutrient medium at high temperatures led to a decrease in its viability. Taking into account the degree of reduction of this indicator in the experimental variants in comparison with the control, all varieties were classified according to resistance to high temperatures. The Tenor variety had the largest and the K571 variety the smallest degree of decline and were characterized by us as correspondingly unstable and resistant to high temperatures at the level of microgametophyte. Heating of anthers led to a significant reduction in pollen viability. All varieties tested had a high degree of reduction of this indicator in the experimental variants in comparison with the control and were characterized by us as unstable to high temperatures at the pollen level. The influence of high temperatures on pollen compared to the germination of pollen in a nutrient medium under the same conditions suppressed the viability of pollen to a much greater extent.
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