The river sand is a primary parameter in the concrete structure. This work replaces accessible locally accessible substitution materials like red soil and manufactured sand (M-Sand). In this paper, the mechanical properties and durability of concrete containing red soil and M-Sand have been studied. In this investigation, M30 grade concrete was used, and tests were conducted for two sets of combinations; i.e., red soil as a partial replacement for river sand seems to be 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, and 60%, and red soil as a partial replacement for manufactured sand (M-Sand) seems to be 60%, 50%, 40%, 30%, and 20%. The compressive strength (7 days, 28 days, 90 days), split tensile strength (28 days), and flexural strength (28 days) have been determined. The combination S4-50% river sand + 50 % red soil and S9-70% M- Sand + 30 % red soil gives more compressive strength than other combinations. Similarly, the combination S3-60% river sand + 40 % red soil and S6-40% M- Sand + 60 % red soil gives more flexural and split tensile strength than other combinations. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, EDAX analysis, and durability tests like alkalinity, sulfate attack, and chloride attack have also been studied.
The most prominent building material utilized within the field of civil engineering was concrete. Among structural elements concrete have very poor scrap value, so that it cannot be used anywhere. This paper deals about the possibility of utilizing the structural waste as replacement for ingredients used in concrete. Recycled aggregate were replaced of about 20%, 30%, 40% in the coarse aggregate. In order to increase the strength of concrete, the fibres like steel fibre, polypropylene fibre and glass fibre were used. They are all added of 0.5% each from the total weight of cement. Additional admixtures like lime and silica fume were incorporated to expand the strength of the concrete. The specimens were casted to consider its mechanical properties. By comparing the consequences of various proportions the specimens having 20% of Recycled aggregate has accomplished the best compressive strength of 62.2 N/mm2. The result is of 8.86% not exactly typical mix. This proportion also shows great outcome for split tensile strength and flexural strength (i.e., 5.10 N/mm2 and 5.6N/mm2). Thus by expanding the level of reused aggregate, the strength of concrete is tends to decrease.
The use of biomass boilers to heat greenhouses is increasing due to the lower biomass cost compared to other fuels such as gasoil or gas. Furthermore biomass fuels are considered environmentally suitable to have a zero balance for CO 2. Moreover, in addition to heat, biomass combustion produces CO 2 that can be used to enhance the production of crops. The aim of this work was to develop a system for recovering CO 2 from the flue gases of biomass combustion and its supply into the greenhouse. The CO 2 capture was performed by adsorption on activated carbon that has the capability of selectively retaining the CO 2 at high pressures and low temperatures. The investigation was carried out at Fundación Cajamar in Almería in a 'parral' greenhouse with an area of 887 m 2. During the daytime hours, the CO 2 greenhouse dose was 9 g CO 2 h-1 m-2 , and it was necessary to use the heating system for 4 h day-1 to capture the CO 2 required. Both the biomass boiler and the CO 2 capture system, resulted in a 2°C increase in air greenhouse night temperature and a mean CO 2 concentration around 600 ppm during the daytime hours. This system can improve yield and reduce CO 2 emissions to the atmosphere with the corresponding environmental benefit.
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