RESUMO -A utilização de comedouros automáticos com milho em grão foi testada como técnica para efetuar recaptura, marcação e manejo de queixadas (Tayassu pecari) reintroduzidas em área de Cerrado. Através desta técnica pôde-se comparar o ganho de peso de animais manejados em sistema extensivo (em liberdade) e em sistema semi-extensivo (restritos a uma área de 15 ha), bem como verificar aspectos da biologia reprodutiva da espécie. O manejo de queixadas através do sistema extensivo, demonstrou proporcionar um maior ganho de peso aos animais. Os comedouros automáticos com milho em grão, além de se mostrarem eficientes para a atração e agregação dos queixadas, proporcionou uma suplementação de energia. Através da marcação e recaptura dos indivíduos conseguiu-se verificar que esses animais se reproduzem durante todo o ano, gerando 1,57 filhotes /fêmea /parto, com diferenciação entre sexos de 50%. A produtividade bruta no sistema semi-extensivo foi de 1,4 e a fecundidade bruta de 0,6. A adoção do sistema extensivo para o manejo de queixadas, pode ser uma solução para a exploração sustentável da espécie, principalmente em regiões onde esse recurso é utilizado como fonte de subsistência através da caça ilegal.Palavras-chave: queixada, Tayassu pecari, animal silvestre, manejo, sistema semi-extensivo e extensivo, reprodução Weight Gain and Evolution of a Wild White-Lipped Peccaries under Extensive andSemi-Extensive Systems, on a Savanna Area ABSTRACT -The use of automatic feed barrel with grain corn as a methodology to mark, recapture and management of white-lipped pecaries (Tayassu pecari) reintroduced on a Savanna area located at Mato Grosso do Sul State was tested. Using this technique we could compare the weight gain managing animals on extensive (freedom on the area) and semi-extensive systems (restricted to a 15ha area), and examine reproductive biology aspects of this specie. The management of white-lipped peccaries on the extensive system provided a greater weight gain to the animals. The automatic feed barrel with grain corn showed to be efficient to attract and aggregate the whitelipped peccaries but also provided supplemental energy. Using the mark and recapture method we could note that this animals reproduce all over the year, breeding 1,57 pig-lets/female/parturition, with the proportion between sex of 50%. Gross productivity was 1,4 and gross fecundity = 0,4. The adoption of extensive systems to manage white-lipped peccaries could be a solution to sustainable exploration of this specie at places where this resource is explored as a subsistence source through illegal hunting.Key Words: white-lipped peccaries, Tayassu pecari, wild animal, management, extensive and semi-extensive system, reproduction 1 Parte da dissertação de Mestrado em Qualidade e Produtividade Animal da primeira autora, apresentada à FZEA/USP. 2 Bióloga/pesquisadora do IBAMA -FZEA/USP, Departamento de Ciências Básicas, caixa postal 23, Pirassununga-SP, CEP: 13635-900. E.mail: lfcaf@uninet.com.br 3 Professora doutora do Departamento de Ciênc...
The adequacy of olive canopy dimensions for over-the-row harvesting machinery is one of the most important management practices in super-high-density (SHD) olive orchards. Manual pruning performed every year can control canopy dimensions and also exposure of the tree to sunlight. An adequate balance is required between the removal of woody non-productive branches and the maintenance of a large quantity of reproductive shoots. When excessive canopy development occurs, a severe pruning intervention can be a solution to recover orchard productivity. This paper presents results obtained after rejuvenation pruning of an SHD orchard with excessive canopy dimensions. The SHD orchard was established in March 2002 in Herdade dos Lameirões, Safara, Moura, Portugal (38°04'N 7°16'W). The orchard was planted according a randomized complete block design with three replications. The orchard has two densities, 1850 trees ha-1 (4×1.35 m) and 1250 trees ha-1 (4×2 m), planted with six cultivars ('Azeiteira', 'Cobrançosa', 'Cordovil de Serpa', 'Galega vulgar', 'Redondil' and 'Arbequina'), leading to 36 plots each composed of three rows. The pruning was performed in April 2010. It consisted of mechanically topping the canopy parallel to the ground at 2.5 m and hedging of each side close to the central leader of the trees, followed by a manual pruning complement to remove the remaining branches. Olive production was recovered in the second year after pruning. Significant differences were found among results of different years and among the cultivars, with regard to olive yield per hectare. The highest yield was registered in the third year after pruning. Planting density had a significant effect on yield per tree, with higher production in the 4×2 m array.
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