Routine applications of DNA hybridization biosensors are often restricted by the need for regenerating the single-stranded (ss) probe for subsequent reuse. This note reports on a viable alternative to prolonged thermal or chemical regeneration schemes through the mechanical polishing of oligonucleotide-bulk-modified carbon composite electrodes. The surface of these biocomposite hybridization biosensors can be renewed rapidly and reproducibly by a simple extrusion/polishing protocol. The immobilized probe retains its hybridization activity on confinement in the interior of the carbon paste matrix, with the use of fresh surfaces erasing memory effects and restoring the original target response, to allow numerous hybridization/measurement cycles. We expect that such reusable nucleic acid modified composite electrodes can be designed for a wide variety of biosensing applications.
Checkpoint and Recovery (CPR) systems have many usesin high-performance computing. Because of this, many developers have implemented it, by hand, into their applications. One of the uses of checkpointing is to help mitigate the effects of interruptions in computational service (both planned and unplanned) In fact, some supercomputing centers expect their users to use checkpointing as a matter of policy. And yet, few centers provide fully automatic checkpointing systems for their high-end production machines.The paper is a status report on our work on the family of C 3 systems for (almost) fully automatic checkpointing for scientific applications. To date, we have shown that our techniques can be used for checkpointing sequential, MPI and OpenMP applications written in C, Fortran, and several other languages. A novel aspect of our work is that we have not built a single checkpointing system, rather, we have developed a methodology and a set of techniques that have enabled us to develop a number of systems, each meeting different design goals and efficiency requirements.
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