ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to analyze the relation between the flat-footedness and obesity.Materials and MethodsA total of 1158 school children (653 male and 505 female) participated in this cross sectional descriptive study. According to their age, children were divided into three groups for each gender (6–10, 11–13, 14–18 years old). Diagnosis and severity of flatfoot was assessed in using the Dennis method. BMI of children were calculated as body weight divided by height squared (kg*m−2).ResultsMajority (83.9%) of respondents had normal feet. The prevalence of flatfoot was 16.1% with a decreasing trend with age. Boys had a higher frequency of flatfoot than girls; however the difference was not significant (p > 0.05). The prevalence of flatfoot was 17.5% in boys and 14.5% in girls. The percentage of overweight and obese children was 10.3%. A significant difference in the prevalence of flatfoot occurred between; under-weight (13.9%), normal-weight (16.1%), overweight (26.9%), and obese (30.8%); children.ConclusionThe increasing prevalence of childhood obesity is one of the most serious health challenges across the globe, and a positive correlation between increased BMI; and flatfoot is one of the potential complications.
SUMMARY:Mentha piperita (Labiatae), commonly known as peppermint is a native Iranian herb which is used in folk medicine for various purposes. This study was carried out to reveal the teratogenic effect of Mentha piperita on mice fetuses. In this experimental study, pregnant Balb/c mice divided to four groups. Case group received 600 (treatment I) and 1200 (treatment II) mg/kg/day the hydroalcoholic extract of Mentha piperita during 6-15 of gestational days and one control group received normal saline during GD6-GD15 by gavages and other control group did not receive any matter during 6-15 of gestational days. Mice sacrificed at GD18 and embryos were collected. Macroscopic observation was done by stereomicroscope. 20 fetuses of each group were stained by Alizarin red-S and Alcian blue staining method. The Mean weight of fetuses decreased in treatment groups rather than control (P<0.05) but CRL there was no significant difference between treatments and controls groups. In the treatment I (600 mg/kg/day) and treatment II (1200 mg/kg/day), normal saline and control group, no gross congenital malformations were observed in fetuses. Treated fetuses also had no delayed bone ossification as determined by Alizarin red-S and Alcian blue staining method. This study showed that the hydroalcoholic extract of Mentha piperita (600 and 1200 mg/ kg/day) has no teratogenic effect in mice fetuses if used continuously during embryonic period.
The present study explored whether mononuclear cells derived from human umbilical cord blood could resolve hyperglycemia. In order to test this hypothesis, mononuclear cells derived from Human umbilical cord blood (HUCB) were transplanted into alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. Mononuclear cells (MNCs) were isolated by a conventional centrifuge method through a Ficoll- paque. Hyperglycemia was induced in rats by a single injection of alloxan at 50 mg/kg body weigh intraperitonealy. Rats were divided into three groups of ten each. Group I, served as control; Group II received alloxan alone; Group III received both alloxan and MNCs. The serum glucose and insulin level were measured before the animals received the MNCs and at 1, 4, 7, 12 and 15 weeks following the treatment. Glucose levels were monitored by the glucose oxidase technique. The insulin level was measured following Elisa assay by the insulin kit specific for rats made by Mercodia Co., Sweden. The results indicated that glucose levels in alloxan-injected rats rose at week 1 and remained elevated 301.00 ± 6.43 mg/dl for 15 weeks. In contrast, in week 15, after treated with MNCs, the blood glucose levels were 108.26 ± 6.84, mg/dl. Within a week after MNCs administration, blood glucose levels significantly reduced (245.74 ± 2.37 mg/dl and reached a baseline almost close to the normal glycemic values 15 week later (108.26 ± 6.84 mg/dl). Treated with MNCs in alloxan diabetic rats caused a significant rise in serum insulin accompanied by a drop in the blood glucose level.
Diabetes is associated with several structural and functional liver abnormalities that affect glycogen and lipid metabolism. In this study, an attempt was made to evaluate the effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica leaves on Quantitative morphometric changes in parenchymal cells of the livers in STZ diabetic rats. Thirty male Wistar rats were allocated in 3 groups: normal, diabetic and treatment. Hyperglycemia was induced by 80 mg/kg Streptozotocin intraperitoneally. One week after the injection of STZ, the third group received the hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica at 100 mg/kg/day over four weeks. After five weeks, the animals were sacrificed and whole livers were removed. Liver specimens were used for quantitative morphometric analyze after hematoxylin and eosin staining. All data are shown as means plus standard errors of means and were analyzed using One-Way ANOVA test at P<0.05.The mean area of hepatocytes, nuclei and nucleolus had a decrease in periportal zone and an increase in perivenous zone in the diabetic and treatment groups. The increase of hepatocyte area in perivenous zone and reduce of nucleus area in periportal zone was significant in the diabetic group in comparison with control group (P<0.05), but were not significant between treatment and diabetic group. This study showed that administration of 100 mg/kg/day of Urtica dioica leaves extracts after induction of diabetes can cause a little modulating in the main morphometric indices of liver such as area of hepatocytes, nuclei and nucleolus in periportal and perivenous zones.
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