Summaryobjectives To assess long-term adherence of the first HIV-1 patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in Senegal, and to identify the main determinants of adherence.methods The first 180 patients enrolled in the Senegalese HAART initiative between August 1998 and April 2001 followed up for at least 30 days were eligible. Adherence was assessed monthly at each drug dispensation between November 1999 and November 2006 by a pharmacist using a pill count completed by a questionnaire. Adherence was expressed as the proportion of tablets taken to prescribed tablets. An adherence of 95% was considered to be good. A random-intercept logit model was fitted to identify the main determinants of adherence.results Adherence data were available for 158 of 167 eligible patients. Twenty-nine patients died during the study period and 10 were lost to follow-up. Median treatment duration was 78 months, accruing to 6657 person-months of observation. Overall, mean adherence reached 91% [median: 100%, interquartile range (IQR) 96-100%] and adherence exceeded 95% in 78% [95% CI 77-79%] of observations. After 4 years of treatment mean adherence stabilized around 90% and adherence P95% stabilized around 70%. Treatment duration and protease inhibitor (PI)-based regimen (indinavir) had a negative effect on adherence, but adherence tended to improve with time for patients receiving a PI. Patient-level variance was highly significant and accounted for a third of total variance.conclusions This work demonstrates that good long-term adherence can be achieved in the subSaharan context given close monitoring and adherence support measures, confirms the worse adherence for indinavir and underlines the importance of patient heterogeneity.keywords patient compliance, human immunodeficiency virus, highly active antiretroviral therapy, Senegal
This study shows that an overall good adherence can be obtained in the long term in Senegal. LCA suggests a better adherence for women and points out a large subsample of patients with intermediate level of adherence behavior who are at risk for developing resistance to antiretroviral drugs. This study warrants further research into gender issues.
Background While dolutegravir has been added by WHO as a preferred second-line option for the treatment of HIV infection, boosted protease inhibitor (bPI)-based regimens are still needed as alternative second-line options. Identifying optimal bPI-based second-line combinations is essential, given associated high costs and funding constraints in low-and middleincome countries. We assessed the cost-effectiveness of three alternative bPI-based second-line regimens in Burkina Faso, Cameroon and Senegal. Methods We used data collected over 2010-2015 in the 2LADY trial/post-trial cohort. Patients with first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) failure were randomly assigned to tenofovir/emtricitabine + lopinavir/ritonavir (TDF/FTC LPV/r; arm A), abacavir + didanosine + lopinavir/ritonavir (arm B), or tenofovir/emtricitabine + darunavir/ritonavir (arm C). Costs (US dollars, 2016), quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios were computed for each country over 24 months of follow-up and extrapolated to 5 years using a simulated patient-level Markov model. We assessed uncertainty using cost-effectiveness acceptability curves, scenarios and prices threshold analysis. Results In each country, over 24 months, arm A was significantly less costly than arms B and C
Adherence is one of the main predictors of antiretroviral treatment success. A governmental initiative was launched in 1998 for HIV-infected patients in Senegal to provide access to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Adherence measurements, defined as pills taken/pills prescribed, were assessed between November 1999 and June 2010 using a pill count along with a questionnaire for 330 patients. Predictors of adherence and identification of adherence trajectories were explored through latent class mixed model. We also performed a survival analysis using Cox proportional hazard model. Three adherence behaviours were revealed as well as a better adherence for women. A third of patients had a high adherence trajectory over time and a third had an intermediate one. Male gender and low adherence behaviour over time were independently associated with a higher mortality rate. This study shows that an overall good adherence can be obtained in the long term in Senegal, suggests a better adherence for women and points out a large subsample of patients with intermediate level of adherence behaviour who are at risk for developing resistance to antiretroviral drugs.
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