A long-life high-power-factor integrated converter able to supply light-emitting diode (LED) lamps in high-pressuresodium lamp retrofitting applications is presented. The proposed converter is the integration of a buck-boost converter with a buck converter, thus providing the necessary high input power factor and voltage transformation ratio to supply the low-voltage LED array from the mains. The analysis of the converter is carried out, and a design procedure is proposed. The design is also performed so that low capacitances are needed at the output of each semi-stage. This allows for the use of long-life film capacitors, thus matching the converter lifetime to that of the LED lamp. A laboratory prototype supplied from 230 V rms /50 Hz mains used to drive two LED arrays in series with a total output power of 100 W is presented.
The coccidians of the family Calyptosporidae are parasites of the tissue and organs of fish and aquatic invertebrates, in particular in the tropical region. In contrast with other apicomplexans of the suborder Eimeriorina, the diversity and ecology of the species of the genus Calyptospora have been poorly investigated, resulting in a lacuna that restricts the understanding of the distribution and prevalence of this group of eukaryote microparasites in the Amazon region. In the present study, the integrated comparative analysis of morphological characteristics, histological and structural traits, and the sequences of a fragment of the 18S rRNA gene, provides support for the identification of a new species of Calyptospora, found parasitizing the hepatic tissue of the piscivorous blue peacock bass, Cichla piquiti, captured in the reservoir of the Estreito hydroelectric dam on the middle Tocantins River in northern Brazil. This new species was named Calyptospora paranaidji n. sp.
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