Group B Streptococcus (GBS) is a common intestinal colonizer during the neonatal period, but also may cause late-onset sepsis or meningitis in up to 0.5% of otherwise healthy colonized infants after day 3 of life. Transmission routes and risk factors of this late-onset form of invasive GBS disease (iGBS) are not fully understood. Cases of iGBS with recurrence (n=25) and those occurring in parallel in twins/triplets (n=32) from the UK and Ireland (national surveillance study 2014/15) and from Germany and Switzerland (retrospective case collection) were analyzed to unravel shared (in affected multiples) or fixed (in recurrent disease) risk factors for GBS disease. The risk of iGBS among infants from multiple births was high (17%), if one infant had already developed GBS disease. The interval of onset of iGBS between siblings was 4.5 days and in recurrent cases 12.5 days. Disturbances of the individual microbiome, including persistence of infectious foci are suggested e.g. by high usage of perinatal antibiotics in mothers of affected multiples, and by the association of an increased risk of recurrence with a short term of antibiotics [aOR 4.2 (1.3-14.2), P=0.02]. Identical GBS serotypes in both recurrent infections and concurrently infected multiples might indicate a failed microbiome integration of GBS strains that are generally regarded as commensals in healthy infants. The dynamics of recurrent GBS infections or concurrent infections in multiples suggest individual patterns of exposure and fluctuations in host immunity, causing failure of natural niche occupation.
ZusammenfassungWir stellen den Fall eines 3-jährigen Jungen vor, der mit Vigilanzminderung, Gangstörung und in krampfbereitem Zustand stationär eingewiesen wurde. Im EEG fand sich eine langsame Delta-Aktivität, durch bildgebende Diagnostik wurden eine Basalganglien-Encephalitis, die typisch für eine MykoplasmenAssoziation ist, und durch Erregerdiagnostik eine akute Infektion durch Mycoplasma pneumoniae festgestellt. Bei der Liquorpunktion ließ sich kein Erreger nachweisen, sodass wir eine MPE diagnostizierten. Trotz multimodaler Therapie, bestehend aus Anti-biotika, Methylprednisolon und intravenösen Immunglobulinen, besserte sich der neurologische Status des Patienten kaum, der über Wochen lethargisch-teilnahmslos und ohne sprachliche Äußerung in einem Koma-vigileähnlichen Zustand verharrte. Wir diskutierten eine Encephalitis lethargica.
We present a case of a nearly 3-year-old girl who was admitted to hospital due to severe hypernatremia (196 mmol/l). Her medical history included central hypothyreosis and growth hormone deficiency. Rehydration and normalization of sodium was achieved according to guidelines. On the fourth day of hospitalization, the patient developed tremor, ataxia, and rigor. Cranial magnetic resonance imaging (cMRI) was performed and (mis)interpreted for meningoencephalitis, with corresponding diagnostic and therapeutic implications. The patient had extrapontine myelinolysis. The child recovered completely after hospitalization for nearly 2 weeks.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.