The experiments were carried out in guava orchard at Mansoura district, Dakahlia governorate, Egypt. Eight different plant oil extracts [olive, orange, peppermint, basil, clove (Egyptian & French), parsley and black cumin] were bioassayed as attractants for the tephritids, B. zonata and C. capitata males and females. B. zonata males and females as well as C. capitata females showed no response to all the tested oils. C. capitata males exhibited a significantly positive response to French and Egyptian clove oils; while it had no response to olive, basil, parsley and black cumin oils. The residual effectiveness of Egyptian and French clove oils were lost after nine days of exposure. Comparative study between prepared (local) and imported methyl eugenol was evaluated for 72 successive days. Statistical analysis indicated that there were significant differences between the local and imported methyl eugenol after 6, 12 and 18 days only. So, the local methyl eugenol traps may be used as a valuable tool in monitoring B. zonata. The attractiveness of B. zonata males to felt and plant fibers blocks (with different thickness) saturated with methyl eugenol was evaluated. The felt blocks captured the highest number of B. zonata males in comparison with those of plant fibers. The efficiency of plant fiber blocks was significantly affected by block thickness; while felt blocks did not affected by thickness.
Peach fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) (Diptera: Tephritidae), has been recognized as a serious insect pest during the last decade attacking a wide range of fruits in Egypt. The potential of some insect growth regulators, Pyriproxyfen, Methoxyfenozoide and Novaluron to cause fatal hormonal disorders in immature stages, full grown larvae and 1-day old pupae, of B. zonata in sandy soil was studied under laboratory conditions. In addition, morphogenetic activity as larval-adult and pupal-adult intermediates of B. zonata resulting from IGRs treatment was recorded. Results indicated that, LC 50 for full grown larvae were 0.96, 11.40 and 64.0 ppm in case of Pyriproxyfen, Novaluron and Methoxyfenozoide, respectively. The LC 50 values for 1-day old pupae of B. zonata were 4.50 and 3200 ppm for Pyriproxyfen and Novaluron respectively, while Methoxyfenozoide has no fatal effect on 1-day old pupae of B. zonata. On the other hand, the EC 50 values of full grown larvae were 1.31, 16.8 and 550 ppm for Pyriproxyfen, Methoxyfenozoide and Novaluron, respectively. The EC 50 values for 1-day pupae were 2.80, 1450 and 5000 ppm, for the same compounds, respectively. The obtained results proved that, Pyriproxyfen is a promising candidate for the control of the peach fruit fly.
This experiment was conducted to study the effect of different stages of the two spotted spider mite, T. urticae as prey on the biological aspects of the predacous mite, Amblyseius cucumeris at the laboratory conditions, 20 and 30 ºC and 75 % R.H. The incubation period of A. cucumeris averaged 3.2 and 3.3 days for the eggs of adult females fed on the adult and immature stages of T. urticae, at 20 ºC, respectively. This period did not obviously changed with temperature increase, recorded 2.23 and 2.23 days, at 30 ºC., respectively. The mean larval period of female and male of the predator recorded the longest period when the female indivduals fed on immature stages of T. urticae at 20 ºC. While the shortest period when the male indivduals fed on the adult stages of T. urticae at 20 ºC. The protonymphal period of the phytoseiid mite,durated the longest period 3.37 days when fed on T urticae immature stages at 20 ºC, and the shortest period 2.26 days when fed on the adult stage at 30 ºC. The longest deutonymphal period lasted 2.82 for male indivduals when fed on the adult stages at 20 ºC, but the shortest deutonymphal period 1.4 days when fed on the same prey at 30 ºC. Life cycle duarated an average of 10.52 and 12.81 days when female indivduals fed on T. urticae adult and immature stages at 20 ºC, when reared at 20 ºC, but lasted an average of 8.92 and 10.07 days at 30 ºC, respectively. The longest period of the longevity was observed for the female when fed on the adult stage at 20 ºC, but the shortest period when the male fed on immature stages at 30 ºC.The highest deposited eggs recorded when the female fed on the immature stages at 30 ºC, but the lowest number of deposited eggs when female fed on the adult stage of T. urtica.
he two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae is considered to be one of the most economically important pests ‚ since it infests over 200 species of plants (Johnson 1991). Beauveria bassiana is highly control agent to this mite ‚and affects its mortality ‚biochemistry and physiolology. To test this effect ‚the B. bassiana was applied at 10 5 spores ⁄ ml using dipping leaf-disc treatment method. Mortality, total proteins, carbohydrates and lipids of mite were measured; Mites adult females were susceptible to B. bassiana, with high mortality rate recorded. The effect of B. bassiana on proteins level in the mycosed extract homogenate appeared decreasing than the nonmycosed during the period of experiment. The means of total protiens are 225‚220 and 183 µg⁄ml after 24‚48 and 72hrs respectively‚compared with327 µg⁄1000 individuals in untreated control. Effect of the B. bassiana on the level of the carbohydrates decreased in the treated extract homogenate than the untreated one during the period of experiment. The mean of total carbohydrates at 24‚48 and 72 hrs after treatment were 142‚138 and 115 µg⁄ml respectively‚ compared with149 µg⁄1000 ml‚ In untreated control. The effect of B. bassiana on lipids level in treated extract homogenate appeared decreasing than in untreated one during the period of experiment. The obtained result refer to the mean total lipids were 92‚77‚ and 70 µg⁄ ml after 24‚48 and 72 hrs ‚ respectively compared with 88 µg⁄1000 individuals untreated adult females of T. urticae. This study improves that entomopathogenic fungus B. bassiana causes many biochemical and physiological changes in the mite Tetranychus urticae. B. bassiana is also considered as a safe biological control agent to the environment.
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