Two field experiments were conducted in a private farm at El-Salhiea City; Sharkia Governorate during two winter seasons of 2006/2007 and 2007/2008 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates, timing and splitting application on wheat plant (triticum aestvum L.) on reclaimed soils. Ten treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates; which were the simple possible combination between five treatments of N-fertilization, (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N fed-1) and two splitting doses of each N rates (1 st splitting was divided to two equal doses 50 and 50% after 14 and 48 DAS and 2 nd splitting was divided to four doses 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS). The wheat plant growth progressively increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rates and the superiority of plant height, chlorophyll and spike length observed with 120 kg N fed-1 rather with N fertilizer splitting to 2 or 4 doses. The higher number of grains/spike observed with N fertilizer treatment at rate of 120 kg N fed-1 splitting to 4 doses. 1000 grain weight, straw and grain yield increased with increasing the rate of N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed-1. Treatment 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, and 56 DAS, recorded higher values of 1000 grain weight, straw and grain yield of wheat. Significant difference in N, P and K concentration in boating and harvest stages in straw and in wheat grain were observed due to different levels, splitting and time of N application. In general, N, P and K% were increased with increasing the N fertilizers levels up to 120 kg N fed-1 with split to 2 doses, and 150 kg N fed-1 with split to 4 doses. Under the same conditions of the experiment, it can be recommended to add the nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS, which gave the best result of quantity and quality of the wheat cultivated on sandy clay loam reclaimed soil.

Lysimeter experiment was conducted during winter season of -2014and 2014-2015 Kafr El-Sheikh Governorate. This study aimed to clarify the effect of soil moisture depletion (45, 60 and 75% from the available water) and nitrogen levels (zero, 75, 100 and 125% from the recommended dose) as well as their interaction on wheat yield, water and nitrogen use efficiencies. The obtained results can be summarized in; -Soil moisture depletion and nitrogen fertilizer levels interaction high significantly affected grain yield in both seasons. The highest values of grain yield (2889.60 and 2829.40 kg fed -1 in the 1 st and 2 nd season, respectively) were realized by applying the treatment of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 125% of N recommended dose. -The highest values of wheat straw yield (3355.19 and 3297 kg fed -1 ) were obtained under irrigation after depletion 45% from available water in the first and second season, respectively. Also the different N rates (control, 75%, 100% and 125% of N recommended dose) high significantly affected straw yield. The straw yield increased by 22.46% at N 75% , 31.61% at N 100% and 43.39% at N 125% in first season and by (18.71% at N 75% , 24.79% at N 100% and 26.26% at N 125% ) in second season, as compared to control. -The highest value of nitrogen agronomic efficiency (NAE) was obtained due to the irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 75% of N recommended dose. The lowest value of NAE was achieved due to the irrigation after depletion 75% from available water + 125% of N recommended dose. -Apparent nitrogen recovery by wheat was high significantly affected by the interaction between soil moisture depletion and nitrogen fertilizer levels in both seasons. The highest values of apparent nitrogen recovery by wheat were realized by applying the treatment of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water + 75% of N recommended dose for both seasons. -The highest and lowest values of water use efficiency were obtained from treatments of irrigation after depletion 45% from available water and 75% from N recommended dose and irrigation after depletion 75% from available water without addition of nitrogen fertilizer in both growing seasons, respectively.

Plants are likely to be affected by simultaneous boron (B) toxicity and salinity. Stresses on plants due to exposure to soils with high levels of naturally occurring salinity and boron, or due to irrigation with water containing high levels of salts and B can be done. For this reason, a greenhouse study was conducted at Soils Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Mansoura University in two different soils (alluvial and sandy soil) during two successive summer seasons 2013 and 2014 to determine the interactive effects of salinity and varying concentrations of boron on growth, yield and ion relations of maize (Zea mays L.var.s.c.10). The experimental design was split plot with 3 replicates. Boron and salinity were applied with irrigation water. Boron levels were 0, 1, 2 and 3 mg L-1, while salinity levels were 0.4, 2.4, 4.4, 6.4, and 8.4 dSm−1. The average values of fresh and dry weight of shoot and root yield of maize (g/pot) as well as plant height (cm) during both seasons of 2013 and 2014 increased with increasing of B levels from 0 to 1ppm under S1 treatment (0.4 dSm−1), and then significantly decreased with any increasing in boron element under all different levels of irrigation water salinity for both soils under study. On the other hand, the average values of B concentration in maize plant for both seasons significantly decreased as salinity of irrigation water increase with constant of B level but it was significantly increase with increasing of B level and constant level of salinity in irrigation water. For example, the boron concentration in shoot were 28.75, 23.0, 19.1, 13.7 and 7.8 mg/kg ,respectively using irrigation water having EC 0.4,2.4,4.4,6.4 and 8.4 dSm-1,respectively and constant B concentration of 2 ppm, while the boron concentration of maize shoot were 0.9,15.65,23.0and 26.4mg/kg, respectively at using irrigation water having EC 2.4 dSm-1 and B concentration were zero,1,2 and 3 ppm , respectively. Also, the average values of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chloride and calcium contents in maize were evaluated under the effect of different levels of boron and salinity in irrigation water at the same time.

In Egypt ,many farmers have adopted large quantities of P-fertilization in planting their crops ,especially faba bean plant. Although, surveying literature indicated that P-application at high rates induce imbalance between macro and micro nutrients. For this reason, afield experiment was conducted in a private farm, Borg El-Nor at Aga District, Dakahlia Governorate., under alluvial soil during the winter season of 2014/2015 to determine the effect of high doses of phosphorus fertilizer in the presence or absence of Zn foliar application under inoculation or without inoculation and investigate the interactive effects on growth parameters ,nutrient content and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) Sakha1 at flowering and harvest stages. The combined effects of phosphorus, Zinc and Rhizobium were investigated by combining four P levels (0,13.08,26.16 and 39.42 kg P fed-1) and two spraying rate of Zn (0 and 100 ppm Zn). Also, each treatment was studied twice; once in the presence of strains inoculants at the rate of 400 g / fed and the other without inoculation .The experimental design was split split plot with three replicates. The results show that the application of 26.16 kg P fed-1 (P 3) with the spraying of Zn under inoculation or without inoculation produced higher plant height , number of leaves, shoots fresh and dry weight, protein of grain , seed index and seed yield than that obtained for the control treatment. Moreover, increasing P-fertilization level to 39.34 kg P fed-1 with Zn spraying, under inoculation or without inoculation ,resulted in significant decrease in all growth parameters except straw yield than the levels of 26.16 kg P fed-1. Also, the interaction between all studied treatments significantly affected chemical constituents at the two studied stages.

Two field experiments were conducted at a private farm at El-Salhiea City; Sharkia Governorate during two summer seasons of 2006-2007 and 2007-2008 to investigate the effect of nitrogen fertilizer rates and splitting application on maize plant (Zea mays L.) grown on sandy clay loam soil. Ten treatments were arranged in a split plot design with three replicates; which were the simple possible combination between five treatments of N-fertilization, (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N fed-1). Each N rate was divided to 1-two equal doses 50 and 50% which added after 14 and 48 day after sowing (DAS) and 2-four doses 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS. The maize plant growth parameter increased with increasing the nitrogen fertilizer rate and the superiority of fresh and dry weight of leaves ear and chlorophyll observed with 120 kgN fed-1. 100 grain weight, grain yield and straw yield increased with increasing the rate of N fertilizer up to 120 kg N fed-1. Treatment of 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% added after 14, 28, 48, and 56 DAS, recorded higher values of 100 grain weight, straw and grain yield of wheat. Significant difference in N, P and K concentration in leaves and grain of maize plant were observed due to different levels and splitting of N application. In general, N, P and K% were increased with increasing the N fertilizers levels up to 120 kg N fed-1 with split to 2 doses, and 150 kg N fed-1 with split to 4 doses. Under the same conditions of the experiment, it can be recommended to add the nitrogen fertilizer at 120 kg N fed-1 in four doses as 40, 20, 20 and 20% after 14, 28, 48, 56 DAS, which gave the best result of quantity and quality of the maize cultivated on sandy clay loam soil.