One challenge for automotive hybrid traction application is the use of high power IGBT modules that can withstand high ambient temperatures, from 90°C to 120°C, for reliability purpose. The paper presents ageing tests of 600 V-200 A IGBT modules subjected to power cycling with 60°C junction temperature swings at 90°C ambient temperature. Failure modes are described and obtained results on the module characteristics are detailed. Especially, physical degradations are described not only at the package level, like solder attach delaminations, but also at the chip level, with a shift on electrical characteristics such as threshold voltage. Finally, numerical investigations are performed in order to assess the thermal and thermo-mechanical constraints on silicon dies during power cycling and also to estimate the effect of ambient temperature on the mechanical stresses.

Recycled concrete aggregate (RCA) possess high water absorption, due to the porosity of the attached hardened cement paste they contain. Fine particles of RCA are composed of larger amounts of hardened cement paste, which makes their valorization even more difficult in concrete or mortar. One way to valorize these fine particles could be to use them as mineral addition, however their water absorption coefficient has to be determined, which is tricky for powders. The objective of this work is to estimate the remaining intra granular porosity of a ground powder using two different original approaches. The first modelling approach considers that the porous monolith material is composed of series of pores with characteristic volumes. A pore is considered opened due to grinding if it is cut by the surface of the particle and if its size is larger than the smallest inter granular pore. The remaining porosity after grinding is computed from the pore size distribution of the monolith material and the particle size distribution of the powder. The second experimental approach is based on mercury intrusion porosimetry tests performed on the powder. The separation between inter and intra granular porosity allows the estimation of the powder's remaining porosity. The obtained results show a good agreement between the two approaches in the case of disconnected pores. However, in the case of connected porosity, the experimental approach over estimates the amount of inter-granular porosity.

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