Melanoma is an aggressive form of skin cancer with limited treatment options for advanced stage disease. Early detection and wide surgical excision remain the initial mode of treatment for primary tumors thus preventing metastases and leading to improved prognosis. Through this work, we have evaluated the antineoplastic effects of Rhodiola crenulata (R. crenulata) root extracts on the B16-F10 melanoma cell line, both in vitro and in vivo. We observed that R. crenulata treatment resulted in increased cell death as well as a reduction in tumor cell proliferation and migration in vitro. Additionally, we observed that R. crenulata decreased the expression of integrin β1 and vimentin and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Further, in mice treated with a topical R. crenulata-based cream therapy, tumors were more likely to have a radial growth pattern, a reduction in mitotic activity, and an increase in tumor necrosis. We also observed that mice drinking water supplemented with R. crenulata displayed a reduction of metastatic foci in disseminated models of melanoma. Collectively, these findings suggest that R. crenulata exhibits striking antitumorigenic and antimetastatic properties and that this extract may harbor potential novel adjuvant therapy for the treatment of melanoma.
Experimental E. plantagineum grown in Connecticut was extracted with MeOH and after removal of MeOH, the resulting oleoresin was defatted by partitioning between hexane-MeOH-water (10:9:1). The lower phase was partially concentrated and diluted with water. The pH was adjusted to 2 by adding H2SO4 and zinc dust was added to reduce the N-oxides during stirring. After 20 hr the reaction mixture was made alkaline with Na2CO3 and the alkaloids were extracted with ethyl acetate. This extract was again partitioned agains acidic water and the aqueous layer was re-extracted after addition of Na2CO3. This extract was evaporated to produce a crude mixture of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. Echimidine was separated from other alkaloids by Centrifugal Partition Chromatography (FCPC Kromaton A100, Rousellet Robatel, Fr.) using chloroform as the mobile phase and citrate buffer at pH 5.6 as the stationary phase. Analytical HPLCs were performed on a Kinetex EVO C18, 5µm, 100°A, 150 x 4.6 mm, and preparative on a Kinetex EVO C18, 5µm, 100°A, 150 x 21.2 mm column (Phenomenex). The mobile phase buffer was the same as for the preparative HPLC. The samples were eluted from the analytical column on a gradient from 5% acetonitrile to 16% acetonitrile, followed by a column wash with 29% acetonitrile. The flow rate was 1.0 ml/minute. The UV absorbance signal on the diode array detector was monitored at 210 nm. The mobile phase contained a buffer of 32 mM lithium phosphate, adjusted to pH 7.2 with phosphoric acid. The column was equilibrated in 32 mM lithium phosphate, pH 7.2/acetonitrile (9:1) and run in a gradient from 10% to 20% MeCN over 14.4 min at 20 ml/min. For preparative runs, samples of 60 mg were injected in DMF/methanol/water/acetic acid (1:1:1:0.003) to a concentration of 100 mg/ml. Fig. 2b shows how the cuts were determined. The total of 1.3 grams of CPC-fractionated material was loaded in 23 preparative HPLC runs.
Funding Acknowledgements Type of funding sources: None. Background/Introduction Heart failure (HF) is increasing steadily while the prognosis still stays poor despite improvements in care and availability of new therapies. The nutritional status. is important in management of HF, as an part of multidisciplinary approach. It is known that the diet depends on the availability of nutritional products and therefore also on the season. The seasonal differences of the nutritional status in HF to our knowledge has not been studied before. Purpose The assessment of variability in nutritional status among patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) in different seasons of the year. Methods We enrolled 240 consecutive patients hospitalized at the department of cardiology, due to HFrEF with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <=40%. Patients were interviewed with MNA form to assess their nutritional status. Detailed medical history was collected. Patients were divided according to the astronomical season of the year (spring summer fall winter), depending on the time of the admission to the hospital. We compared MNA scores between mentioned groups of patients using U Mann Whitney test. Due to the possible influence of HF exacerbations on nutritional status, the second analysis was done after exclusion of patients with HF decompensation. Results Mean age was 56.4±11.3 years, 15.8 % patients were women, mean BMI – 28.8±5.5 kg/m2, mean LVEF – 23.9±7.7%, mean MNA score – 23.0±2.9 points. MNA score was higher (the sign of better nutritional status) in patients interviewed during spring compared to those assessed in summer (p=0.0094) or fall (p=0.014). The same situation was observed after the exclusion of patients with decompensation of HF: MNA score measured in patients admitted in spring was better than those hospitalized in summer (p=0.042) or fall (p=0.0064). The difference between spring and winter lacked statistical significance (p=0.058). Mean MNA scores and more important data for every season are presented in Figure 1 and 2. Conclusion(s) The differences in nutrition state in stable patients with HFrEF suggest that the seasonality of the diet might result from veritable modification in nutrition associated with availability and price of fruit and vegetables or the respondents mood, unrelated to the real nutritional status, impacts the score in the MNA questionnaire. This requires further analyses.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.