Potassium availability to the plant is influenced by internal soil properties and other external properties. Quantity intensity characteristics are one of the satisfactory measures of potassium dynamics and its availability. So quantity intensity characteristics of potassium were studied to quantify the potassium availability in three different cropping systems viz., paddy-paddy, banana and paddy-pulse based. Three soil profiles were studied in each cropping system and soil samples were collected horizon wise for laboratory analysis. Q/I parameters were estimated by the method adopted by Beckett (1964a). Analysis of variance was performed to compare the impact of cropping system and pedons on different chemical and nutrient properties of soils. Significantly high organic carbon (0.47%) and available nitrogen (271.10 kg/ha), medium available phosphorus (17.00 kg/ha) and available potassium (230.50 kg/ha) recorded in paddy-pulse cropping system compared with other cropping system. Banana based cropping system recorded significantly higher clay (41.2%), soil reaction (8.24) and potassium fixing capacity (84.32%). The results of Quantity-Intensity (Q/I) dynamics studies shows that paddy-pulse based cropping system recorded high labile K K L (0.49 c mol (p+)/kg) and Potential buffering capacity PBC K (45.67 c mol (p+)/kg) whereas paddy-paddy cropping system recorded PBC K of 16.81 c mol (p+)/kg which needs frequent potassium fertilization. The results showed that most of the soil properties including K dynamics were greater extent influenced by changes in cropping systems which consecutively affects the potassium availability.
Several plants are cultivated for medicinal and aromatic purposes. Foxglove (Digitalis lanata) has been introduced into India from Western Europe and is cultivated for medicinal use. The leaves of D. lanata contain various glycosides, namely digoxin, gitoxin and gitalin, which are of medicinal value. This crop is cultivated throughout the year but not much information is available about Table 1. Total glycoside concentration (%) during different months of the year Year 0-29 0-30 0-36 0 3 3 0 3 5 0-39 0-37 0-32 0-32 0-30 0-30 1978 0-30 0-30 0-30 0-31 0-30 0<35 0-32 0-35 0 3 1 0 3 2 0 3 0 0-29 1979 0-28 0-29 0-32 0-32 0-32 0-35 0-32 0-30 0-29 0-32 0-29 0-28 Mean 0-287 0-293 0-307 0-330 0-317 0-350 0-343 0-340 0-307 0-320 0-297 0-290
Aim of the study is to analyse the accuracy and speed of ultrasound guided transversus abdominis plane block with two different monitor positions. Materials and Methods: Prospective observational study was conducted after institutional hospital ethics committee. Twenty four male patients posted for open inguinal hernia repair posted under spinal anaesthesia were selected and divided randomly into two groups and at the end of surgery USG TAP block was given. Group I -USG monitor was kept in line, whereas in Group II -USG monitor was kept in perpendicular to the participant. Twelve anaesthetists who had performed more than 20 procedure were selected and they performed one procedure in each group. History of back pain and neck pain was elicited and any discomfort during procedure was recorded. Accuracy of USG image was recorded. Time taken for the procedure was recorded for both groups. Result: Twelve anaesthetists were selected for this prospective study. Time taken to perform USG TAP in Group I vs Group II was (69.08 ± 8.19 s vs 80.16 ± 4.84s). Difference was statistically significant (p<0.001). Needle placement was significantly more accurate when anaesthetists had the monitor in front of them than to the side (Score was 15 vs 24). Out of 12 anaesthetists, 4 had history of neck pain previously and one was taking treatment for the same. When performed in Group I they had no discomfort but when performed in Group II, anaesthetists with positive history had discomfort during the procedure. Conclusion: It was concluded that the performance of USG TAP block was comfortable and more accurate and the procedure time was shorter, if the monitor was kept in line of the sight of the operator.
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