The scope of an article that is presented below covers a preliminary analysis of a wireless link of ultrasound signal transmission in commercial radio frequency band (UHF). The radio link is used to transmit short ultrasound bat-like biosonar signals. Because of complicated structure properties and of transmitted signals the various methods of wireless transmission are shown. The hardware implementation consists of micro-electro-mechanical system microphone, microphone preamplifier and FM transmitter. At the end of the radio link a standard FM receiver is used. Since we use frequency modulation an influence of the radio link on received signal parameters is presented. The analysis of results provides us a set of information that might be used in designing of large scale wireless sensor networks for bats behavior monitoring.
Students of music are beginning to encounter a new instrument in their music classrooms. This new "musical" instrument, the overhead projector, supplements rather than replaces some of the more conventional instruments of music education which have proved their usefulness over the years. Its introduction promises to be as important to the new generation of music students as the phonograph was to an earlier one.This will come as no surprise to teachers in other subject areas who have discovered that overhead projection is an extremely effective instructional tool. Why are music educators, who have just discovered the value of overhead projection, now expressing the same opinion? To answer this question, first let us look at a few of the general ways in which this silent instrument is presently being used; and then examine how specific techniques, available only with overhead projection, may be applied to problems in music education. Blackboard TechniqueThe simplest application of the overhead projector, one which can be quickly and easily applied to all subject areas, is to use the machine in place of a blackboard. Although this application is somewhat primitive when compared to most sophisticated overhead techniques, it is remarkably effective. In the "blackboard technique," chalk is replaced by a fine-pointed felt marker or a special grease pencil which the instructor uses to write on a transparent sheet of acetate. This sheet of acetate, which is usually mounted on a cardboard frame to facilitate handling, is placed on the stage of the projector. The powerful light source of the machine then projects the pencil markings on a screen behind the instructor. It is this screen which replaces the blackboard.Since the machine is operated in a fully-lighted room, transfer of attention from the screen to the speaker is immediate and is controlled by the speaker, who functions in the dual role of lecturer and operator. Teachers who are unfamiliar with overhead projection will be delighted to learn that deliverance from the ordeal of chalkdust is included as a fringe benefit, since the pencil markings are easily removed from the acetate with a facial tissue. The simple manner in which pencil marks are removed also permits the same sheet of acetate to be used many times.This same "blackboard" technique can be applied to musical notation through the use of a prepared visual of the staff. The lines of the staves illustrated in Figure 1 are impregnated in the transparent acetate and will not be removed when the instructor's pencil marks are rubbed off. Figure 1The results obtained, even when the projector is used in this simple fashion, are surprisingly superior to conventional classroom methods of music instruction. One of the reasons is the position of the instructor, who always faces his class as he uses the projector. This posi-MUSIC EDUCATORS JOURNAL
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