The aim of the paper is to describe the characteristics of postmenopausal HIV-infected women and to investigate the factors associated with an earlier onset of menopause in a hospital-based cohort. Information was collected using a self-administered questionnaire. A Cox model was used to determine factors associated with menopause. Among the 404 women who completed the questionnaire, 69 were naturally postmenopausal at the time of the study (median age at onset: 49 years, premature menopause <40 years: 12%). The onset of menopause was studied among the 41 women still menstruating at the enrollment in the cohort, and who experienced menopause during follow-up. African origin (hazard ratio [HR] = 8.16; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.23-29.89) and history of injecting drug use (IDU) (HR = 2.46; 95% CI = 1.03-5.85) were associated with an increased risk of earlier menopause. Women with a CD4 cell count <200 cells/mm(3) tended to reach menopause earlier (HR = 2.25; 95% CI = 0.94-5.39). Earlier occurrence of menopause seems to be associated with factors already reported in HIV-negative women (IDU, ethnicity) and with HIV-related immunodeficiency.