The ability of some additives to increase the efficiency of polyethylene (PE) cross-linking is studied. The results confirm that additives are effective especially at low doses. Formulations of radiation cross-linked PE foam are used, and optimum conditions for the foaming process to prepare desirable final products are obtained. In addition, different properties of the foam, such as tensile properties, density, water absorption, thermal conductivity, and cellular structure, are determined in relation to blowing agent concentration. Finally, a PE foam formula with desirable properties is introduced.
Pricing and shelf space allocation are two main operational decisions in retailing industry. This study simultaneously optimizes these two decisions in a supply chain with two manufacturers and one retailer under uncertainty of demand and price sensitivity parameters. Two manufacturers have different conditions in terms of parameters affecting demand and production. A robust optimization model and an exact solution approach are developed to find the optimal solution. The results show that price sensitivity, market potential and production costs can have a synergistic effect on optimal values. Moreover, the market potential can be relied on in managerial decisions as it has significantly positive impact on profitability. This parameter is found to be the most important tool for securing profitability of supply chain members.
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