Interactive teachingTeaching Voting pad Undergraduate education a b s t r a c t Background: The classical didactic lecture has been the cornerstone of the theoretical undergraduate medical education. Their efficacy however reduces due to reduced interaction and short attention span of the students. It is hypothesized that the interactive response pad obviates some of these drawbacks.Aims: To evaluate the effectiveness of an interactive response system by comparing it with conventional classroom teaching.Methods: A prospective comparative longitudinal study was conducted on 192 students who were exposed to either conventional or interactive teaching over 20 classes. Pre-test, Posttest and retentions test (post 8e12 weeks) scores were collated and statistically analysed.An independent observer measured number of student interactions in each class.Results: Pre-test scores from both groups were similar (p ¼ 0.71). There was significant improvement in both post test scores when compared to pre-test scores in either method (p < 0.001). The interactive post-test score was better than conventional post test score (p < 0.001) by 8e10% (95% CI-difference of means e 8.2%e9.24%e10.3%). The interactive retention test score was better than conventional retention test score (p < 0.001) by 15e18% (95% CI-difference of means e 15.0%e16.64%e18.2%). There were 51 participative events in the interactive group vs 25 in the conventional group.Conclusions: The Interactive Response Pad method was efficacious in teaching. Students taught with the interactive method were likely to score 8e10% higher (statistically significant) in the immediate post class time and 15e18% higher (statistically significant) after 8 e12 weeks. The number of studenteteacher interactions increases when using the interactive response pads.
Non Syndromic Hearing Loss is an important cause for hearing loss. One in 1000 newborns have some hearing impairment. Over 400 genetic syndromes have been described. Non Syndromic Hearing Loss (NSHL) can be inherited in an Autosomal Dominant, Autosomal Recessive or a Sex Linked fashion. There are several reasons why genetic testing should be done in cases of NSHL, the main reasons being for genetic screening and for planning treatment. This review describes the genes involved in NSHL and the genetic mechanisms involved in the pathogenesis of the disease.
In patients with nodular thyroid disease, USG can accurately determine the number and the size of the nodules. It is extremely useful in guiding FNAC; However its role in predicting malignancy is doubtful. We therefore recommend that USG guided FNAC be carried out as a routine in the evaluation of thyroid nodules.
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