BackgroundLow birth weight (LBW) is a major public health problem in many developing countries, especially so in India. Although we do not know all the causes of LBW, maternal and environmental factors appear to be significant risk factors in its occurrence.ObjectivesTo know the factors affecting the birth weight of a newborn and to estimate the prevalence of LBW.MethodsThe present study was carried out amongst 1138 pregnant women and their newborns residing in area covered by Kinaye Primary Health Centre in rural Karnataka, India. The study was conducted from 1st June 2008 to 31st December 2009.ResultsThe mean birth weight of newborns was 2.6 kg with a range of 1.2 to 3.8 kg. The prevalence of LBW was 22.9%. Among the studied risk factors, 25 of them were significantly associated with the birth weight of a newborn on univariate logistic regression analysis. Maternal education [Odds Ratio (OR) 3.2], exposure to passive smoking [OR 2.3], age at first pregnancy ≥25 years [OR 3.6], birth interval <2 years [OR 2.4], previous history of LBW baby [OR 3.3], weight gain ≤4 kg during pregnancy [OR 7.0], maternal weight at last week of gestation ≤45 kg [OR 2.3], pregnancy induced hypertension [OR 3.3], high risk pregnancy [OR 3.6] and late antenatal registration [OR 3.6] emerged as significant risk factors on multivariate analysis.ConclusionThe problem of LBW is multidimensional, and hence, we need an integrated approach incorporating medical, social, economical and educational measures to address this issue.

Tumor budding is frequently encountered histologic marker in OSCC. High-intensity tumor budding is a strong independent prognostic factor for prediction of lymph node metastasis.

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Background: Over the past decade, national plans and programmes in India have stressed the need for universal access to health care especially the maternal & child health services in rural area. Many studies have revealed low utilization of the health care services by different segments of the society for varying reasons. With each Medical college adopting three Primary Health Centres, it is expected that there will be an increase in the utilization of the health service. This study was formulated against this background, with an objective of studying the factors influencing the utilization of health services in the spectrum of antenatal periods of a mother. Aims & Objective:(1) To study the factors influencing the utilization of antenatal health care services in a rural area. (2) To study the content and quality of antenatal care. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study conducted at Handignur, Primary health centre, Belgaum. Mothers who delivered during one year period were interviewed using a predesigned questionnaire. Analysis was done by calculating Proportions and using Chi-square test. Results: All the mothers had registered antenatal. Out of 497 mothers, 311(62.6%) mothers utilized full antenatal care. Weight, height, blood pressure, haemoglobin measurement and abdominal examination were performed in more than 95% of mothers. The sociodemographic factors like literacy status, occupation, socioeconomic status and parity were found to influence the pattern of utilization. Conclusion: The results revealed that utilization of antenatal services was good as majority of them received full antenatal care. The prime reason for non-compliance of IFA tablets was side effects. The private health facility was utilized more compared to government services.Sample Size: Of the total 516 married women who delivered in one year period, 497 women gave consent and were included in the study. RESEARCH ARTICLE

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Training programme for TBAs with regular reinforcements in the resource poor setting will not only improve the quality of newborn care but also reduces perinatal deaths.

TBL sessions can be used judiciously in combination with the lectures to enhance learning of applied microbiology in India. In this study, TBL improved the performance of male students over self-study, but performance for female students following TBL was no better than when they simply studied by themselves.