The paper presents the reasons for the emergence of one of the main defects of railway rails, such as cracking, and factors affecting its increase. It was found that vehicle cooperation with the rail and the forming of the rolling surface caused by the load, as well as the resulting rail stresses caused by the dynamics of rolling stock are the cause of the head-check of the rails. The influence of impact resistance on rail cracks in the occurrence of these defects is also presented.
Th e article presents the problem of excessive wear of curved switch rails in ordinary railway turnouts, which is characterized by spallings and the decrement of material on a certain length of the switch rail near the tip. Th e problem is important, as such wear arises in turnouts on railway lines aft er several months of exploitation following modernization. Th e probable reasons behind the excessive wear of switch rails in railway turnouts are indicated on the basis of laboratory tests performed in accordance with PN-EN 13674-1:2011 and PN-EN 13674-2+A1:2010, as well as on the basis of simulations and analyses carried out by the fi nite element method (FEM).
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