No abstract

S viewed an oscilloscope trace of a short bar which appeared at the position of his nonvisible right hand. The motion of the trace was equivalent to the movements of the hand, which were restricted to a frontal plane. The bar could be optically displaced by 20 diopter prisms, either to the left or right, and its motion could be made to lag behind that of the hand by 1 of 6 delay intervals ranging from 0.0 to 3.0 sec. Results show that the adaptation to displacement found with no delay is completely eliminated under all delay intervals, including the minimum of 0.3 sec.

Recovery from AOD problems is associated with dynamic monotonic improvements in indices of well-being with the exception of the first year where self-esteem and happiness initially decrease, before improving. In early recovery, women, certain racial/ethnic groups, and those suffering from opioid and stimulant-related problems appear to face ongoing challenges that suggest a need for greater assistance.

As illustrated powerfully by the 2013–2016 Ebola outbreak in western Africa, infectious diseases create fear and psychological reactions. Frequently, fear transforms into action – or inaction – and manifests as “fear-related behaviors” capable of amplifying the spread of disease, impeding lifesaving medical care for Ebola-infected persons and patients with other serious medical conditions, increasing psychological distress and disorder, and exacerbating social problems. And as the case of the US micro-outbreak shows, fear of an infectious-disease threat can spread explosively even when an epidemic has little chance of materializing. Authorities must take these realities into account if they hope to reduce the deadly effects of fear during future outbreaks.

This document represents a consensus statement dealing with optimum patient care in a significant clinical area. The statement has been prepared by the Patient Care Committee of the American Gastroenterological Association with the advice of other experts and with peer review. As with all such guidelines, this should be interpreted in a nondogmatic manner, so as not to exclude other therapies or opinions in any particular situation. Based on present knowledge, limited at times, future modifications or other changes in this statement may be necessary.