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Oxamniquine displayed low acute toxicity in mice, hamsters, and rabbits. In rats, however, oxamniquine was much more toxic, the female being 8-10 times more sensitive than the male; single doses elicited an idiosyncratic sex-linked hepatic necrosis and bile duct proliferation. Dogs given repeated oral doses of 20 or 30 mglkglday for 5 successive days every 4 weeks for 11 months showed neurological disturbances of short duration, which tended gradually to increase in severity from one dosage period to the next; no histopathological correlate could be found. In chronic studies in mice (18 months) and hamsters (19 months) with intermittent dosage regimens relevant to likely usage in man, no evidence of carcinogenicity potential was observed at dose levels up to 150 mglkg. Oxamniquine displayed no maternal toxicity or teratogenicity in mice and rabbits, and only slight embryotoxicity after high oral doses.