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Direct care costs in the year following HIV diagnosis were more than 200% higher for patients who presented late. This difference could not be attributed to differences in patient characteristics. Most costs were attributable to HIV-related hospital care costs and the immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy. While early diagnosis in those at risk for HIV remains medically important, the short-term economic impact is also substantial.

Increases in minimum prices of alcoholic beverages can substantially reduce alcohol consumption.

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