The chemical composition and nutritional value of yellow (Juno and Popiel), blue (Emir and Sur) and white (Wat and Bardo) Polish sweet lupin varieties were compared. The effects of enzyme preparations, Energex and Bio-Feed Plus, on the hydrolysis of the seed components in vitro and of Energex and Alpha-Gal on the nutritional value of lupin for broiler chickens, were evaluated.The protein content was the highest in the yellow lupins (44%), while that of fat in the white (9%). The alkaloid content ranged from 0.23 to 1.3 g/kg DM. The metabolizable energy (AME N ) as determined on 4-week old chicks, was the highest in Bardo, the lowest in Emir (11.2 and 8.4 MJ/kg DM, respectively).The apparent protein and fat digestibility of lupins determined on 4-week old chicks did not differ among cultivars and averaged 84 and 73%, respectively. Relatively large differences in digestibility of carbohydrate fractions were noted among cultivars (e.g. NFE from 0 to 23.9%; CF from 0 to 20%).The growth performance of broiler chicks fed between day 8-29 of life on isoprotein and isocaloric diets containing 15 and 30% lupin was determined. At the 15% inclusion level only Wat significantly lowered performance indices, however, at the 30% level these indices decreased significantly for all cultivars except Bardo.In vitro, Energex increased the degree of hydrolysis of NDF and ADF in Wat by 19 and 10%, respectively, and increased the solubility of protein of all lupin cultivars by 12%, on average. In vitro Energex increased the AME N value of Juno, Emir, Sur and Wat by about 1.5 MJ/kg DM and Alpha-Gal acted only on blue lupins (1.6 MJ/kg DM). However, supplementation of diets containing 23% of Juno and Emir seeds with 0.1% of Energex or Alpha-Gal did not improve the performance of the birds in a 3-week experiment.
Low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RM) was separated on sieves of 150, 270 and 450 pm diameter into 3 fractions defined as flour, bran and hulls. The fractions and rape seed oil were mixed in different proportions in order to obtain 25 model rapeseed meals differing in crude fibre 8.8, 10.3, 11.8, 13.2 and 14.7% DM and in crude fat 4.3, 6.3, 8.2, 10.2 and 12.1% DM (two-factorial design).The digestibility of nutrients and apparent metabolisable energy (AME N ) of RM, fractionated material and model RMs was evaluated in two balance experiments conducted on 154 broiler chicken aged 4 weeks. After removal of bran and hulls, the protein content as well as AME N value of the remaining fraction increased by 16 and 10%, respectively, in comparison with RM. Crude fibre content negatively and crude fat content positively affected AME N value of model RMs (P<0.01) according to the equation: AME N (MJ/kg DM) -10.78 -0.30 (% crude fibre) + 0.20 (% crude fat).
During 21 days experiment on 110, 8-day-old Astra B male chicks, two varieties of field bean (FB): Nadwislanski and Dino were compared with soya bean oil meal as a source of supplementary protein in wheat-triticale diets. The isocaloric, isoprotein and fortified with DL-methionine diets contained 30% of FB seeds were fed unsupplemented or supplemented with 0.2 g L-tryptophan per kg.The AMEN of raw seeds of both FB varieties and of FB var. Dino processed in different ways (raw, dehulled, autoclaved, autoclaved and dehulled) was determined on 4-week~old cockerels.The seeds of both varieties of FB, fortified with methionine, were as effective as soya bean oil meal as a supplementary protein source in wheat-triticle diets. Supplementation with tryptophan had no positive effect on chick performance.The AMENof FB var. Dino was lower than of FB var. Nadwislanski (11.0 vs 11.4 k.T/g DM, respectively). After autoclaving, the AMEN of FB var. Dino increased by 7%, after dehulling by 15%.
The effect of 6 commercial enzyme preparations, degrading mainly the non-starch polysac charides, on the nutritional value of low-glucosinolate rapeseed meal (RSM) was evaluated in vitro and in vivo. Solubility of protein, ADF and NDF in RSM incubated with or without the addition of 1% of enzyme was measured in vitro. The protein and amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of RSM was determined on 4-weeks old broiler cockerels in a balance experiment, while growth performance was evaluated for 3 weeks in 8-day old cockerels fed diets containing 35% of RSM unsupplemented or supplemented with 0,1 % of enzyme.In vitro protein solubility was increased by Bio-feed Pro and Energex and solubility of NDF and ADF by Energex only after 10 h incubation. None of the preparations improved significantly the protein and amino acids digestibility nor AME N value in the balance experiment but significant changes in apparent digestibility of NDF and ADF were found.No statistically significant effects of enzymes on chicken performance were noted, however chicks fed the diet with Bio-feed Plus were the heaviest and better utilized feed, while those fed with Bio-feed Pro had lower feed utilization.
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