Abstract-Compared to conventional wireless sensor networks (WSNs) that are operated based on the client-server computing model, mobile agent (MA) systems provide new capabilities for energy-efficient data dissemination by flexibly planning its itinerary for facilitating agent based data collection and aggregation. It has been known that finding the optimal itinerary is NP-hard and is still an open area of research. In this paper, we consider the impact of both data aggregation and energyefficiency in sensor networks itinerary selection, We propose an itinerary energy minimum for first-source-selection (IEMF) algorithm, as well as the itinerary energy minimum algorithm (IEMA), the iterative version of IEMF. Our simulation experiments show that IEMF provides higher energy efficiency and lower delay compared to existing solutions, and IEMA outperforms IEMF with some moderate increase in computation complexity.
Clinoptilolite is investigated as a possible regenerable sorbent for acid rock drainage based on its adsorption capacity for Zn, adsorption kinetics, effect of pH, and regeneration performance. Adsorption of Zn ions depends on the initial concentration and pH. Adsorption/Desorption of Zn reached 75% of capacity after 1-2 h. Desorption depended on pH, with an optimum range of 2.5 to 4.0. The rank of desorption effectiveness was EDTA>NaCl>NaNO 3 > NaOAc>NaHCO 3 >Na 2 CO 3 >NaOH>Ca(OH) 2 . For cyclic absorption/desorption, adsorption remained satisfactory for six to nine regenerations with EDTA and NaCl, respectively. The crystallinity and morphology of clinoptilolite remained intact following 10 regeneration cycles. Clinoptilolite appears to be promising for ARD leachate treatment, with significant potential advantages relative to current treatment systems.
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