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Abstract-The large-scale process and environmental variations for today's nanoscale ICs require statistical approaches for timing analysis and optimization. In this paper, we demonstrate why the traditional concept of slack and critical path becomes ineffective under large-scale variations and propose a novel sensitivity framework to assess the "criticality" of every path, arc, and node in a statistical timing graph. We theoretically prove that the path sensitivity is exactly equal to the probability that a path is critical and that the arc (or node) sensitivity is exactly equal to the probability that an arc (or a node) sits on the critical path. An efficient algorithm with incremental analysis capability is developed for fast sensitivity computation that has linear runtime complexity in circuit size. The efficacy of the proposed sensitivity analysis is demonstrated on both standard benchmark circuits and large industrial examples.