Artificial manipulation of sink and source was carried out in several bread wheat varieties in order to study the variations in the pattern of storage products accumulation in the grain.
In a first experiment, partial ablation of the laminae did not cause any significant variation in the yield components, while total elimination of the laminae resulted in a decreased fertility of the spikelets and in a lower kernel weight. The protein content of grain turned out to be a function of the amount of vegetative organs left in the different treatments, and ranged from 11.1 % in leafless plants to 16.5% in the control.
The halving of the spikes led to a 14% increase in the size of the kernels, while the protein content per spike showed a 20 % drop in comparison to the control.
Reduction of sink affected nitrogen accumulation to a lesser extent than carbohydrates storage in the grain.
Reduction of sink induced remarkable increases in the protein fractions: gliadins +59%, glutelins +44%, insoluble residue +30%, non‐proteic nitrogen +28%, albumins and globulins + 16%. The increase of GPC or of specific solubility classes did not influence significantly the quality of the flour evaluated by the Zeleny and Pelshenke indices.
The presented data suggest some caution in adopting kernel size and GPC as main selection criteria in early generations. It seems more convenient to select for a prolonged grain filling period and for a higher biomass without increasing plant height.
Twenty common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars were classified into two groups based on the presence or absence in their electrophoregrams of two gliadin bands separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The two groups were compared for quality and agronomic characteristics evaluated during 6 yr of testing. The group 1 cultivars (band 40 present, 43.5 absent) had weaker gluten properties and lower loaf volume than cultivars in group 2 (band 40 absent, 43.5 present). No significant difference between the groups was found for protein content or grain yield. The present data are discussed in relation to similar results obtained by other authors for durum wheat cultivars.
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