A serological survey for a range of avian paramyxoviruses (PMV) was carried out among wildfowl from southern Spain, 1990 to 1992, using the hemagglutination inhibition technique. We collected 579 sera from 24 avian families (18 aquatic and six non-aquatic). Antibodies were detected to all paramyxoviruses in waterfowl, with a notable prevalence of antibodies to PMV-8 (43%) and to a lesser extent PMV-6 (21%). By contrast, in non-aquatic species high antibody prevalences were detected only to PMV-2 (60%), particularly in sparrows (68%), while antibody prevalences to other PMV's were moderate or low.
Haemagglutination inhibition tests were used to study the prevalence of antibodies to avian paramyxovirus (PMV) serotypes 1, 2 and 3 in wild and domestic birds in Andalusia (southern Spain). Tests were performed on 341 sera from layer hens drawn from 44 flocks, 198 from nine breeder hen flocks, 123 from five broiler chicken flocks, 329 from 47 turkey flocks, 51 from four pigeon flocks, 123 from five partridge flocks, 112 from five mixed domestic flocks and 361 sera from 24 wild species. The incidence PMV-1 antibodies was very low in wild species (1%), though higher in domestic birds (18%), due to the systematic vaccination of these species, particularly layer and breeder hens. The highest rate of infection for PMV-2 was found in domestic species (27%) and particularly in turkeys (47%). Among wild species, the house sparrow recorded the greatest prevalence of PMV-2 (69%). The PMV-3 infection rate was very low both in wild (6%) and domestic species; the figure of 15% recorded for the latter appears to be due to cross reacting PMV-1 vaccinal antibodies. The highest incidence in wild birds was recorded in the summer, whereas prevalence reached its maximum in domestic species in the winter.
The indirect ELISA was used to detect antibodies to influenzavirus A in the sera of wildfowl from the Donana National Park. Of the 712 birds examined, 44 (6.2%) were seropositive. Positive birds belonged to 10 of the 13 species studied. Infection rates varied widely: spoonbill (Platalea leucorodia, 32.2%), mallard (Anas platyrhynchos, 9.9%), gadwall (Anas strepera, 8.6%), red-crested pochard (Netta rufina, 8.1%), pochard (Aythya ferina, 6.4%), shoveler (Anas clypeata, 5%), great crested grebe (Podiceps cristatus, 4.3%), avocet (Recurvirostra avosetta, 3.1%), grey heron (Ardea cinerea, 3.1%) and coot (Fulica atra, 0.8%). Although infection rates were not high, the wide range of avian species susceptible to influenzavirus A suggests circulation of the virus amongst wildfowl at Donana.
A seroepidemiological survey was carried out in the province of Badajoz (south-western Spain) in order to determine the presence and spread of Leptospira interrogans. The 521 sera tested were drawn from breeding sows on 28 large farms (15 with fewer than 60 and 13 with over 60 breeders). Immunological testing was performed using the Martin-Pettit micro-agglutination technique. Pigs with titres equal to or greater than 1 : 100 were considered positive. Haemolysed and/or contaminated test sera were reprocessed following filter-paper treatment.A total of 10.56 Yo of pigs tested proved positive, 39.28 Yo of farms being affected. The following t. interrogans serovars were detected: pomona (6.53 Yo), castellonis (1.15 Yo), sejroe (1.15 Yo), grippotphosa (0.96 YO), australis (0.38 Yo), hebdomadis (0.19 YO) and icterohaemorrhagiae (0.19 YO). ::. Corresponding author U.S.
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