The focus of this paper is to analyse the de-oiled seed cake of madhuca indica (mahua) to produce bio-oil by pyrolysis process, carry the characterisation of bio-oil and use a simple economical method for utilization in diesel engine. The suitability of de-oiled seed cake is analysed by proximate and ultimate analysis, TGA and FTIR, which reveals that the de-oiled seed cake could be a viable option of energy source. The maximum yield of bio-oil obtained was 38.6%, for the particles size of 0.85-1.25 mm at an optimum temperature of 450 8Cwith the heating rate of 20 8C/min. The characterisation of biooil is done by density, viscosity, calorific value, flash point, moisture and ash content. The characterisation revealed that the bio-oil obtained by pyrolysis process can't be directly used in diesel engines as it is immiscible with petroleum products; hence the miscibility study of bio-oil with diesel is carried out by emulsification. Tween 20 is used as a surfactant and diethylether is used as an cetane improver so that it can be used as an alternative fuel.
The increasing efficiency and reducing the emission from the diesel engine is the main objectives of many research. Many researchers have many disadvantages like higher viscosity and lower calorific value. In order to overcome these many additives are used in biodiesel-diesel blends. One such way of improving performance and reducing the emission is adding the Nano particles as an fuel additives. Using of Nano particles in the fuel shows dramatically increase in the combustion quality and hence in the overall performance of the engine. A review on the effect of Nano particles as on additive with fuels has been in this paper.
Biofuels are a wide ranged of fuels which are in some way derives from biomass. Biofuels are gaining increased public and scientific attention, driven by factored such as oil price spikes, the need for increased energies securities and concern over greenhouse gas emissions from fossil fuels. Biofuels have become particularly appealing to developing countries because of their potentially to stimulate economics development in rural area and eradicate poverty through the recreates of employment opportunities and increased incomes in agricultural sectors
The depletion of fossil diesel fuels, global warming concerns and strict limits on regulated pollutant emissions are encouraging the use of renewable fuels. Biodiesel is the most used renewable fuel in compression ignition (CI) engine. The majority of literature agrees that the particulate matter (PM), unburnt total hydrocarbons (THC) and carbon dioxide (CO) emission from biodiesel are lower than from conventional diesel fuel. One of the most important reasons for this is the oxygen content of the biodiesel. This induces a more complete and cleaner combustion process. In addition to this the absence of aromatic compounds in biodiesel leads to particulate matter reduction with respect to diesel fuel. The potential emission benefits induced by the presence of oxygen in fuel molecules has increased the interest in using the bio-alcohols fuel blends in CI engines such as ethanol. Although alcohols are more suitable for blending with diesel fuel, properties like lubricity, viscosity, stability, heating value and cetane number of diesel-alcohol (Diesohol) still require improvement. One of the techniques is addition of biodiesel which can improve all of these properties forming diesel-biodiesel-alcohol (ternary) blends. The blends of diesel-biodiesel-ethanol can be used in the existing CI engines without any major modifications and most significant result of using this blend is the lower emission with almost the same performance as of diesel fuel alone. The present study focused on investigation of performance and combustion characteristics of ternary fuel blend in DI diesel engine operating at different injection opening pressure (IOP). The different injection opening pressures are: 180 bar, 200 bar and 220 bar.
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