Keseaucii Lahoratories, .4 vterican C y a n a i d Company, S f w f u r d , ComzedicirtNitrophenitle (Trademark MEGASUL), or m, m'-dinitrodiphenyl disulfide, is a new type of anticoccidial agent effective in the control of cecal coccidiosis (Eimeria tenella) and intestinal coccidiosis (Eimeria necalrix) of the chicken. It is the most promising compound found in the course of a screening program in which some 2,000 compounds were tested for activity in experimentally-induced Eimeria tenella infections of the chicken. The quantitative and qualitative activity of nitrophenide resembles that of the most active sulfonamides, but probable production costs indicate a considerable economic advantage over the available sulfonamides for the control of coccidiosis. The high activity, relatively low cost, and low toxicity of nitrophenide suggest that it will be suitable for "preventative" long-term continuous administration when mixed in the feed at low concentrations. I t may also be used a t higher concentrations, like the sulfonamides, for short intermittent treatments a t the time of coccidiosis outbreaks (Waletzky, Hughes, and Brandt-Unpublished).This paper reports the laboratory trials which showed the efficacy of continuous administration of nitrophenide in severe experimentally-induced infections of Eimeria tenella and the preliminary results in Eimeria necairix infections. It also presents data on the toxicity of nitrophenide.* ExperimentalThe Activity of Nifrophenide in Severe Experimental Infections with EI-MERIA TENELLA in 10-Day-Old Chicks. The high anticoccidial activity of nitrophenide in cecal coccidiosis was first observed in experiments of a type previously described with 10-day-old chicks (Waletzky and Hughes-1946). In most cases, the administration of drug-diets was begun two days before oocyst inoculation and continued for a total of ten days, when the birds were sacrificed and autopsied. TABLE 1 also includes one test in which drug administration was begun one day before oocyst inoculation and two tests in which administration was begun immediately after inoculation with similar results. The experimental conditions in different tests were uniform in respect to oocyst number (500,000 per chick inoculated into the crop), oocyst age (one week after sporuhtion), and temperature and period of illumination in the experimental quarters. All the birds were obtained as day-old hybrid chicks (Rhode Island Red 0 X Barred Rock 8) from a single commercial hatchery. Nevertheless, the degree of mortality experienced by the different batches of untreated controls (20 birds per test) inoculated with the different batches of oocysts varied from 50 to 95 per cent in the different tests, with an average mortality of 80 per cent in 370 birds. The preparation of the samples of nitrophenide and numerous related compounds by H. W. illarson and J. H. Clark of these Lahoratories is gratefully acknowledged., The samples of nitrophenide were prepared by methodsin the literature (J.A.C.S. 60: 2729. 1938), had a melting point of 83'C...
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