Different strategies had been used for controlling the pest and stabilizing the productivity of the cropping systems. Weeding and insecticide application are some of the crop management practices that minimize the incidence and damage of insect pests in eggplant crops in order to enhance its growth and yield performance. Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a popular and very important vegetable crop that is infested and damaged by arthropod pests in Nigeria. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the of weeding frequency and conventional insecticide application in the control of leaf roller (Eublemma olivacea Wlk.) in eggplant. Five application concentrations of magic force (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0L/ha) and four weeding frequencies were assessed using split- plot laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) replicated three times. Results showed that three weedings and the application of insecticide at 1.5l/ha were found to be effective in reducing the population of E. olivacea and eggplant leaves damage. It further showed that these practices improved the number of eggplant fruits, fruit weight and fruit yield during the 2019 and 2020 cropping seasons in the study area combining three weedings with an appropriate insecticide (1.5l/ha) concentration rate is recommended for the control of eggplant leaf roller (E. olivacea) to poor resource farmers in the study area.
The functional properties are the intrinsic physicochemical characteristics which affect the behavior of ingredient in food systems during processing, manufacturing, storage and preparation etc. Such functional properties include water and oil binding, emulsification capacities, swelling ability and viscosity. This work is aimed at evaluating the swelling Ability and water binding capacities of Spinous Amarantus (alayahon daji) (AA) Senna accedentalis (tasba) (TB), Phyllantus niruri (mace mai goyo) (MC), Hibiscus sabdrariffa (yakuwan daji) (YD) and Leptadenia hastate (yadiya) (YE) which are commonly consumed in our localities with little or no knowledge about their nutritional properties. AOAC method of analysis as outlined by Adabowale was adopted for the analysis with little modifications. All the samples analyzed showed significant water swelling ability with AA and YD showing the highest values of 1.5±0.06 v/g while TB shows the lowest value of 0.5±0.05 v/g. There was a significant difference (p <0.05) in the WBC values (%) obtained for the different plants analyzed. The results revealed that crude AA has the highest value of 12.48±0.82 and YD has the lowest value of 5.50±0.09. Insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) was also extracted from the samples and evaluated for water binding capacity. The Insoluble dietary fibre (IDF) showed WBC values. The highest values 1.54±0.08g/g and lowest 0.94±0.00g/g were obtained MC and YE respectively. All the crude samples showed significant water binding capacity (WBC) than their respective insoluble dietary fiber (IDF). This is as a result of the structural and chemical composition of the crude samples. However, the research has revealed that both the crude and the IDF samples analyzed has therapeutic potentials.
The combination of regular weeding and appropriate insecticide application was effective against the insect pest. Influence of weeding frequencies and cypercot (a combination of cypermethrin 250 g/L + dimethoate 150 g/L) concentrations were assessed on infestation and damage caused by okra flea beetle (Podagrica spp) on okra during 2020 and 2021 cropping seasons. The experiment was a split-plot design with weeding frequencies (0, 1, 2 and 3 weedings) as the main plots and five cypercot applications (0.0, 0.5, 1.5 and 2.0 L/ha) as the subplots on a plot size of 4.0 m × 5.0 m replicated three times. The results showed that okra plants weeded three times and applied with cypercot at 1.5 L/ha and 2.0 L/ha were effective in reducing Podagrica spp infestation and damage during the study period. The combination of these control methods was found to be appropriate in the control of the pest and good for enhancing okra productivity in the area. This study recommended three weeding combined with the application of cypercot at 1.5 L/ha for the optimum production of okra in the study area. Keywords: Okra, Podagrica spp, cypercot, concentration, frequency.
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