In teaching environments, student facial expressions are a clue to the traditional classroom teacher in gauging students' level of concentration in the course. With the rapid development of information technology, e-learning will take off because students can learn anytime, anywhere and anytime they feel comfortable. And this gives the possibility of self-learning. Analyzing student concentration can help improve the learning process. When the student is working alone on a computer in an e-learning environment, this task is particularly challenging to accomplish. Due to the distance between the teacher and the students, face-to-face communication is not possible in an e-learning environment. It is proposed in this article to use transfer learning and data augmentation techniques to determine the concentration level of learners from their facial expressions in real time. We found that expressed emotions correlate with students' concentration, and we designed three distinct levels of concentration (highly concentrated, nominally concentrated, and not at all concentrated).
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.