The availability of imidazolinone (IMI) resistant cultivars has provided an effective option for weed control in wheat production systems. IMI herbicides control several weeds, including Avena fatua and Lolium multiflorum, which are the most frequent grass weeds in wheat crops of the Argentine Pampas. The aim of this study was to develop a soil-less method that allows rapid phenotyping of IMI resistance in wheat. Nine wheat cultivars differing in IMI resistance were evaluated through a between-paper germination method. Herbicide concentrations required to reduce shoot and root length by 50% for resistant cultivars were > 75 fold that of the susceptible cultivars. The response of resistant and susceptible commercial cultivars was assessed in the between-paper and top-paper methods at 100 mM imazamox as discriminating dose. The Z’-factor was calculated for evaluation of the quality of the screening methods. Both germination methods showed Z’-factors > 0 indicating that the assays were appropriate but the between-paper method allowed to save space in the growth chamber. The germination methods were useful for distinguishing between susceptible and resistant plants carrying at least one resistance gene. The rapid, simple and cost-effective method described in the present study could be a potential tool when selecting for IMI resistance in wheat in breeding programs.
hojas .r selllillas (éslas últimas, solo previo a su siembra), dumil/e el ciclo vegetativo de 3 cultivares de maíz (.4 ida, Ha\llaiano , Hibisco). La mavor canlidad de aislamie11l0S eonalllbas m etodología y en íodos los sustratos sembrados en PDA y Agar agua, correspondió al cultivar Aida. Los taxa más frecuentes en raíz, fueron: Fusarium o~vsporum, Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, Alternaria illternata, P..l'renochaeta terrestris, Ramich/oridium sp., PenicilLium spp. y Epicoccum purpurascens. En hoja, en cambio, se observó un orden v presencia diferentes. ' Como modelos de variación estacional, se seleceiona/'Oll los integrantes de los 8 taxa o grupos de taxa lIIás frecuellles en raízy hoja: (Alternaria, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Pyrenochaeta-Phoma spp., Rhizopus, Tridhoderma, Drechslera-Bipolaris spp. y Penicillium spp.), donde solo los 3 últimos presentaron variaciones de magnitud. F. oxysporum, fue dominante en todos los SI/S tratos (80%.), mientras F.moniLiforme (Gibberelia fujikuroQ fue escaso, salvo en las hojas (J-/%). En las semillas de los 3 cultivares, las especies frecuentes jueron: F. oxysporum, Penicillium spp., C. cÚldosporioides y F. moniliforme, /IIientras el mayor nlÍmero de aislamientos se detectó en A ida. A pesar de las buenas condiciones de manejo y al l/SO de agrotóxicos, se detectó: Ustilago zeae, Dip/odia zeae maydis, Bipolaris m ay dís , Botrytis cillerea, •;. 'F.moniliforme(GibbereLla fujikllroi), Macroplromil1a phaseolina y Pyrel10chaeta terrestris). EIII/'e las especies ' IOxicogénicas A.Jlavus, se aisló so lo en la /'izó.~fe/'a , /IIientras debe considera/'se en posl-cosecha la f/'ecllen-oiaconslal1le de los génel'OsAlterl1aria, Fusarillm v Peni-ciUiulll. ' SUMMARY [Pre alld postharvest maize fllllgi ofilllerest i" 1l0rlhem Ilaly: Microcommllllitiesassocialed lo roolsUluJ lea ves / Seasonal variation of lhe lIIycota in /'oots, leaves and seeds (p/'ior too its sowing in the laUer case) was lIIonth~v ana~vsed in northern Italy t/'ough rinse and supe/flcial ste/'ilization, du/'ing the vegelative cycle of 3 maize cu/tivars(.4.ida,Hawaiano,Hibisco). The highest n/lmbe/' af isolations with both teclmiques and in eve/}' substrala isolaled in PDA and Tap ff' ater Agar was seen
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