Use of Natural plant products in the management of the greater wax moth, G. mellonella L. under laboratory conditions was carried out. The results revealed that the larval mortality of wax moth varied significantly with three different plant products concentrations. The mortality was high with seed extract of Neem (Azadirachta indica) and is ranging from 84.81 ± 2.7 to 93.65 ±3.25 per cent at different concentrations. Tulasi (Ocimum sanctum) leaf extract of different concentrations showed moderate larval mortality for different instars ranging from 65.36 ± 4.36 to 73.41± 4.46 percent. The corresponding mortality for Pongamia (Pongamia pinnata) seed extract was low 31.10 ± 3.38 to 52.1 ± 19.85. The effects of tulasi were moderate while pongamia caused the lowest mortality. Of the three plant products tested Neem performed better under all the experimental conditions.
Natural honey has various ingredients in it that contribute to its incredible properties. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the physicochemical and antibacterial activity of various Apis honey from Coorg, Karnataka. Four samples of Apis honey viz., A. florea, A. mellifera, A. cerana and A. dorsata were collected from various regions of Coorg, Karnataka. The honey samples' physicochemical properties and antibacterial activities against Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus sp were determined in vitro. The moisture and ash content varied from 13.6 - 17.2% and 0.32 – 0.49%, respectively. Hydroxy methyl furfurals) content of A. dorsata honey samples was highest with 9.2±0.5 mg/Kg and least was recorded with 6.8±0.4 mg/Kg for A. florae honey. The reducing sugar content of A. florea honey sample was highest with 87.5±3.2 (%) and the peroxide levels were in the range of 10.2 – 14.9 µg/g/h at 20°C. The antibacterial assay revealed that S. aureus, Enterococcus sp and Streptococcus sp were most susceptible against the honey varieties tested and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values between 25-6.5 (%v/v) were determined. In conclusion, honey varieties from Coorg could be used in specific antibacterial prophylaxis as the activity depends on the honey bee species, their metabolism and floral sources in specific geographical regions.
Honey is a natural gift to man from Mother Nature which is made available to us from the mysterious kingdom of the bees. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic antibacterial effect between the Apis honey and common antibiotic ciprofloxacin on multiple antibiotic resistant bacteria. Fifteen honey samples of Apis florea were harvested from various geographical areas of Coorg, Karnataka during 2020-2021. The honey samples and ciprofloxacin were subjected to Determination of antibacterial potency by Antibacterial disc diffusion assay separately against the test bacteria. Then followed Screening for synergistic activity and Data Analysis. The findings of the present study revealed that synergistic antibacterial sensitivity with inhibitory zones that were formed in the cultures against the selected bacterial strains showed significant variations. The highest antibacterial activity was recorded against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) with 19.26 ± 0.23 mm. However, the least sensitivity range was recorded for Erwinia nigrifluens (ATCC 21922) with 8.97± 0.48 mm. Bacillus cereus (ATCC 31443) showed mm, ZI of 13.74±0.37, Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 32441) with 12.99±0.27, Burkholderia glumae (ATCC 25813) with 11.87± 0.58, E.coli (ATCC 25891) with 14.95± 0.41 mm, Klebseilla sp.(ATCC 31482) with 12.11± 0.59, Pseudomonas aerugenosa (ATCC 287858) with 17.53± 0.72 mm. The research findings of the present study on the synergistic antibacterial activity of ciprofloxacin and Apis florea honey on pathogenic bacteria showed potential usefulness of honey and antibiotics together in the clinical practice against the pathogenic effects of strains of bacteria.
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