List of abbreviations AFR. african region AMR. antimicrobial resistances BCG. bacillus calmette-guérin BUD. buruli ulcera disease CFU. colony forming units DHS. demographic health surveys DRDR. drug resistance determining regions DSJI. disposable-syringe jet injectors DST. drug susceptibility testing EID. early infant HIV diagnosis EMR. eastern mediterranean region EUR. european region G2D. grade-2 disabilities GLP. global leprosy programm GTB. global TB programme HBsAg. hepatitis B surface antigen HCWs. health care workers HICs. high income countries IRIS. immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome IUATLD. international union against TB and lung disease JRF. WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting LBW. low birth weight LICs. low income countries LMICs. lower-middle income countries MB. multi-bacillary MDGs. millennium development goals MDR-TB. multidrug-resistant TB MDT. multi-drug therapy, multidrug therapy MICs. middle income countries MICS. multiple indicator cluster surveys MOTT. mycobacteria other than tuberculosis NRA. national regulatory authority NS. needle and syringe NTM. non-tuberculous mycobacterial OPV. oral polio vaccine PB. pauci-bacillary PEP. post-exposure prophylaxis PMTCT. prevention of mother to child transmission POC. point-of-care PQ'd. prequalified PTB. pulmonary tuberculosis R&D. research and development SAGE. strategic advisory group of experts on immunization SDGs. sustainable development goals SEAR. south east asian region TB. tuberculosis UHC. universal health coverage VENICE. vaccine european new integrated collaboration effort WPR. western pacific region WUENIC. WHO/UNICEF estimates of national immunization Coverage XDR-TB. extensively drug-resistant TB

Objectives: To assess oral health status and practices of 5- and 12-year-old Tribal school children.Methods: A total of 418, 5-year-old children and 327, 12-year-old children were enrolled. Information on demographic characteristics of participants along with oral health behavior was collected. Clinical data were collected on dental fluorosis, periodontal status, dental caries and treatment needs. Dean's index criterion was used to assess dental fluorosis. Community Periodontal Index (CPI) for periodontal conditions and Dentition status and treatment needs for dental caries were recorded. Results: Between meal sugar consumption was high (100%). None of the children in both the age groups had visited trained health personnel for dental treatment. Dental fluorosis prevalence in 5- and 12-year olds was 11.9% and 22.9% respectively. Bleeding on probing and calculus was common between both the age groups. A low mean number of healthy sextants were found and this decreased with age. Mean dmft/DMFT values for 5- and 12-year olds were 4.13 ± 3.90 and 1.15 ± 1.62. Significant caries index (SIC) scores for 5- and 12-year olds were 7.17 ±4.30 and 3.78 ± 3.21 respectively. Conclusion: The present study reveals high sugar consumption, dental fluorosis, poor oral hygiene, and untreated dental disease of tribal children. Under these circumstances, the implementation of preventive programs including restriction of sweets in school premises for the tribal children is the key to good oral health.

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Precision attachments are small interlocking devices to connect prosthesis and abutments that offer a variety of solutions to the challenge of balance between functional stability and cosmetic appeal. Precision attachments have wide applications, used in fixed removable bridge, removable partial dentures, overdentures, implant retained overdentures, and maxillofacial prosthesis. Attachment retained overdentures helps in distribution of masticatory forces, minimizes trauma to abutments and soft tissues, attenuate ridge resorption, improves the esthetics and retains proprioception. The following case report discusses the use of resilient stud attachments to retain maxillary and mandibular overlay complete dentures.

The patients with various Kennedy's classes of partial edentulism can be offered various treatment modalities like removable cast partial dentures, fixed partial dentures, over dentures and implant supported dentures. This study can be crucial for screening the population for incidence of tooth loss as a factor of gender and age. Clinical significance: Tooth loss appears to have an important role in the loss of esthetics and mastication. Study of incidence of various classes of partial edentulism provides clinically useful information for dental training and continuing education.