The urban landscape is considered the most complex and heterogeneous landscape among the different land surface features. It rises the land surface temperature (LST) to a large extent compared to the surrounding rural body. This investigation deals with the seasonal variability between LST and normalized difference water index (NDWI) on the different land surfaces in Raipur, India by using sixty-four Landsat images from 1991-92 to 2018-19. The results show that the post-monsoon season indicates the best correlation (0.42) between LST and NDWI, followed by the monsoon (0.34), pre-monsoon (0.25) and winter (0.04). The water bodies reflect a moderate negative correlation of LST-NDWI in all the four seasons (À0.49 in pre-monsoon, À0.33 in monsoon, À0.31 in post-monsoon and À0.45 in winter). On green vegetation, this LST-NDWI correlation is strongly positive in pre-monsoon (0.67) season, moderate positive in monsoon (0.43) and post-monsoon (0.50) seasons, and weak negative in winter (0.25) season. The built-up area and bare lands build a weak positive correlation of LST-NDWI in all the four seasons (0.24 in pre-monsoon, 0.21 in monsoon, 0.27 in post-monsoon and 0.15 in winter). This study can be beneficial for land use planning and management of any city under a similar physical environment.
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landsat-8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) data has been successfully employed in the field of mineral exploration to detect important minerals. In this study, Crosta technique was applied to identify the diagnostic features of hydroxyl minerals, carbonate minerals and iron oxides in Malanjkhand copper mines, India. The Crosta technique was applied to six [blue, green, red, near-infrared (NIR), shortwave infrared1 (SWIR1), shortwave infrared2 (SWIR2) bands and two sets of four (blue, red, NIR, SWIR1; and blue, near-infrared, SWIR1, SWIR2) bands of OLI data. Results show that the areas with alteration zones are enhanced much better by using six bands of OLI data. The alteration differences are examined with the Crosta technique using four band combinations. Crosta technique is very useful in generating the images of hydroxyl minerals, carbonate minerals, and iron oxides.</p>
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Quartz (SiO<sub>2</sub>) abundance in rock is an important indicator of mineralization in many metal deposits and quartz detection has a great role in mineral exploration. The present study identified the quartz contained rocks in Amarkantak region, India applying thermal infrared bands (bands 10–14) of the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) image. After atmospheric correction, principal component analysis technique was applied on the TIR bands and the resulting principal component images were analyzed. The three optimal principal components were selected based on the spectral interaction strength and the eigenvalues of each band of the ASTER data. The result presented that extrusive igneous rock and carbonate sedimentary rocks are quartz-poor while sedimentary rocks made up of organic particles and sandstone is quartz-rich.</p>
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