This study examines the contribution of dump-sites to weather variability in Benin City. By utilizing the experimental research design, the researcher collected primary data for waste volumes, GHGs, and temperature across the study sites for a period of three months. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multiple linear regressions (MLR) were employed for data analysis. Findings revealed that highly populated areas such as, Iguomo (7.7%), Ekehuan (7.8%), GRA (6.8%) and New-Benin (9.2%) generated the greater proportion of waste in the area. The ANOVA analysis showed that temperature is significantly different as distance increase from dump site at P<0.05 indicating the influence of waste dumps on temperature in the area. Nevertheless, the MLR identified that temperature attained at the various dump sites significantly depended on the GHGs emitted at the sites at P<0.05. The study as a result of findings, advocates waste re-use & recycle; and establishment of waste treatment plants amongst others in the area.
This study endeavored to downscale rainfall in Benin City so as to reveal what pathway would be more tolerable in the metropolis both now and in the future, putting the current effect of rainfall in the area in mind. Quasi-experimental research design was adopted and data for rainfall was collected from the archive of the Nigerian meteorological agency (NIMET). While data of large scale predictors were collected from the HadCM3 data achieve. Calibration period was from 1985 to 2001, while validation was 2001 to 2015. Analysis of variance was used to trace if there was a significant difference in the temporal rainfall characteristics for A2 and B2 emission scenarios. However the study found that the predictors that explain rainfall patterns in the area were Shum, Rhum, R850 and R500; and during calibration it was found that rainfall significantly depended on these predictors at P<0.05. However, during validation, statistics show that the models performed considerably well in which case the modeled data related well with the observed data for all seasons of the year i.e. DJF season r-0.92 (r 2 -0.85; RMSE 0.31; RSD, 0.89) at P<0.05; MAM r-0.81 (r 2 -0.66; RMSE 0.41; RSD, 0.91) at P<0.05; JJA r-0.76 (r 2 -0.58; RMSE 0.31; RSD, 0.97) at P<0.05; SON r-0.82 (r 2 -0.67; RMSE 0.26; RSD, 0.82) at P<0.05. However there are some uncertainties in the data set for which caution must be taken while relying on the out puts of the model of the current study. As a result, the study recommends the use of clean technology, and a development of flood risk preparedness to deal with flood effects as a result increasing amounts of rainfall in the metropolis amongst others.
Noise as an undesirable sound within non-occupational settings is one of the several identified environmental problems across the world. It is an increasing common feature of urban areas attributable to road, rail, and air traffic sources as well as construction and industrial activities, commercial enterprise, and such familiar domestic sources as pets and radios/stereos from residential neighborhood. Noise is a major pollution which constitutes nuisances and health related consequences of significant negative impacts on the physical, social, physiological and psychological wellbeing of man or animals. It is notably evident that increased activities from industrialization and technological transfers/drifts are the bedrock of urban noise in majority of our rapid growing cities at present. At the instance of sufficient evidence that noise aggravates chronic illnesses like hypertension and other cardiopulmonary diseases, the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Federal Environment Protection Agency (FEPA) (Nigeria) has strategically set standards and limits of allowable noise levels which unfortunately is not implemented and enforced in most cities, thereby leading to urban quality deterioration. Noise pollution occurs when it is observed that standards are exceeded, therefore concerted efforts in monitoring and regulating our environmental noise is recommended to avert the scourge of further debasement of environmental quality in our cities.
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