Es wird über die Isolierung und Identifizierung der 6 Indolalkaloide Kopsinin (I), 19,20‐Dihydroakuammicin (II), Tubifolin (III), Tubifolidin (IV), Tubotaiwin (V) und Tuboxenin (VII) aus den Blättern von Pleiocarpa pycnantha (K. SCHUM.) STAPF, var. tubicina ( STAPF) PICHON berichtet.

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Helv. 44, 2035 (1961). Weitere Alkaloide aus den Blattern von

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OBJECTIVE The presence, extent, and distribution of intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) have been associated with negative outcomes in aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Several qualitative scores (Fisher grade, LeRoux score, and Graeb score) have been established for evaluating SAH and IVH. However, no study has assessed the radiodensity within the ventricular system in aneurysmal SAH patients with IVH. Prior studies have suggested that hemorrhage with a higher radiodensity, as measured by CT Hounsfield units, can cause more irritation to brain parenchyma. Therefore, the authors set out to investigate the relationship between the overall radiodensity of the ventricular system in aneurysmal SAH patients with IVH and their clinical outcome scores. METHODS The authors reviewed the records of 101 patients who were admitted to their institution with aneurysmal SAH and IVH between January 2011 and July 2015. The following data were collected: age, sex, Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score, Hunt and Hess grade, extent of SAH (none, thin, or thick/localized), aneurysm location, and Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score. To evaluate the ventricular radiodensity, the initial head CT scan was loaded into OsiriX MD. The ventricular system was manually selected as the region of interest (ROI) through all pertinent axial slices. After this, an averaged ventricular radiodensity was calculated from the ROI by the software. GOS scores were dichotomized as 1-3 and 4-5 subgroups for analysis. RESULTS On univariate analysis, younger age, higher GCS score, lower Hunt and Hess grade, and lower ventricular radiodensity significantly correlated with better GOS scores (all p < 0.05). Subsequent multivariate analysis yielded age (OR 0.936, 95% CI 0.895-0.979), GCS score (OR 3.422, 95% CI 1.9-6.164), and ventricular density (OR 0.937, 95% CI 0.878-0.999) as significant independent predictors (p < 0.05). A receiver operating characteristic curve yielded 12.7 HU (area under the curve 0.625, p = 0.032, sensitivity = 0.591, specificity = 0.596) as threshold between GOS scores of 1-3 and 4-5. CONCLUSIONS This study suggests that the ventricular radiodensity in aneurysmal SAH patients with IVH, along with GCS score and age, may serve as a predictor of clinical outcome.

A herbarium and museum of 350 Nigerian medicinal plants has been assembled in Ibadan and the catalogue is available ( P a t e 1 and R o w s o n 1963). Information about the medicinal usages of these drugs in Nigeria has also been gathered together.A number of Nigerian plants are known to be cardio-active and these include Adenium Izonghel, Erythrophleum guineensis, Stropanthus spp., Thevetia neriifolia, Voacanga africana amongst others. Our interest has been directed to still other plants the local usages of which suggested that they might also possess cardiac activity. In addition, certain allied species of these drugs were examined and our selection of plants has included members of the Apocynaceae and of the Asclepiadaceae. A total of 33 species belonging to 26 genera in 8 different families was examined; different morphological members of each plant were investigated separately giving a total of 11 1 reputed local drugs or their allies. This paper reports their preliminary screening for cardiac activity on the isolated heart of the toad Bufo regularis. Under the conditions of the test 44 drugs from 1 7 species and 13 genera showed positive responses and they were then screened phytochemically for the presence of alkaloids and cardiac glycosides. The majority of the drugs which showed no cardiac activity under the conditions of the test were not screened phytochemically. MaterialsT o ensure their authenticity the vegetative organs or latex of the species recorded in Tables 1 and 2 were collected when the plants were in flower. Seeds were collected at a later date when fully mature and from different plants. Collections were made between 1959 and 1962, generally around Ibadan and in the Western Region of Nigeria; but samples of Trecula obovoides were collected in Calabar in 1962. Herbarium specimens and museum samples of each drug inPaper presented at the 23. International Congress of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Miinster (Westf.) Germany, September 1963 by J. M.. R o w s o n. T h i s paper represents part of the work submitted by one of the authors (M. B. P.) for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy of the University of London. Downloaded by: NYU. Copyrighted material.

Due to expanded usage and a primary raw material for various industrial applications and biofuel production, variability is necessity to develop high yielding castor (Ricinus communis L.) genotypes. Therefore, it is essential to document the germplasm of this important crop to increase its production. With this view, a study was conducted with 15 diverse castor genotypes to evaluate diversity using 14 microsatellite/simple sequence repeats (SSRs) markers. In SSR analysis, 14 primers generated a total of 31 amplicons with mean number of 2.21 polymorphic amplicons per primer. The range of molecular weight of these amplicond/bands was from 120 to 300 bp. The polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.231 (SSR-8) to 0.684 (SSR-10) with an average of 0.413. The primers SSR-7 and SSR-10 possess higher PIC value above 0.6. The highest genetic similarity was noticed between the genotypes, GEETA and 48-1 whereas; least genetic similarity was reported between the genotypes namely, JI-96 and SH-72. Clustering pattern of dendrogram generated by pooled SSR data showed two main clusters. The cluster A was the largest with eight genotypes and cluster B contained seven genotypes. Accessions, JI-96 and SH-72 were identified as highly diverse based on molecular studies and can be exploited to develop biparental mapping populations as well as in castor improvement program to wider the genetic background of various castor genotypes.

Background: Occupational lung diseases occurs in the workers exposed to occupation related hazards. These include Asthma, COPD, Coal worker pneumoconiosis, Silicosis and Asbestosis. Marble cutting exposes workers to fine dust that can cause a number of pulmonary diseases. Usually these are people from rural areas and they are unaware of health hazards related to occupation. Spreading awareness is the key amongst these people. The objective of the To study the prevalence of symptoms related to occupational lung diseases in marble cutting workers, to estimate current status of preventive measures used and to assess adaptive changes after educational interventionsMethods: A cross-sectional study was done on the marble cutting workers of Bhedaghat who were exposed to dust from marble cutting. A survey of their working environment and level of awareness was done using questionnaires. The workers were questioned about their working environment, usage of local preventive measures and health related problems. They were then taught about occupational hazards and preventive techniques that can be adopted to prevent such hazards. In subsequent visits, again a survey was done on how many of them were using adaptive measures and relevant counselling was done.Results: Most common reported respiratory problem was shortness of breath 26% and utilization of preventive measures was very poor only 5% but After the 2 follow-up visits including interventional measures and health education, the percentage of workers who started using preventive measures increased from 5% to 57.77%.Conclusions: Prevention is the key to occupational lung diseases. Early diagnosis and treatment also play a major role as prolonged exposure to these risk factors may cause irreversible damage. Health education, periodic health checkups and use to protective measures are the essence in preventing occupational lung diseases.