Objective:To study the incidence and risk factors predisposing to retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Bapuji child Health Institute NICU. Design: Prospective cohort observational study. Setting: Infants admitted to a neonatal intensive care unit of Bapuji child Health Institute NICU in a period of two years. Methods: Preterm infants with birth weight < 1500g and gestation <34 weeks were screened for ROP at 4 weeks after birth or 31-33 weeks post conceptional age, whichever was later. Infants with birth weight >1500g and gestation >34weeks were screened only if they had additional risk factors. Those found to have high risk ROP had laser photocoagulation. Results: The incidence of ROP in the 200 infants who were screened was 13.5%. No ROP was found in infants weighing >2000g or with a gestational age more than 36weeks. Risk factors predisposing to ROP were oxygen therapy (P=0.04), apnea [p=0.001], ventilation [0.001], anemia [0.001], blood and blood product transfusion [0.001 ]. Conclusion: One third of the infants with ROP needed laser photo coagulation, the outcome of which was good. Risk factors predisposing to ROP were oxygen therapy, apnea, ventilation, blood transfusion, exchange transfusion.
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