Carboxylated polysulfone (CPS), poly (1,4-phenylene ether ethersulfone) (PPEES), membranes were prepared and used for the separation of NaCl and CaCl 2, in efficient way with less energy consumption. In this work, nanofiltration and reverse osmosis membranes were employed to the salt rejection behavior of the different salt solutions. The influence of applied pressure (1-12 bar), on the membrane performance was assessed. In CM series of membranes, CM 1 showed maximum of 97% water uptake and 36% water swelling, whereas, CM 4 showed 75% water uptake and 28% water swelling. In RCM series, RCM 1 showed 85% water uptake and 32% water swelling whereas, in RCM 4 it was 68% for water uptake and 20% for water swelling. Conclusively reverse osmosis membranes gave better rejection whereas nanofiltration membrane showed enhanced flux. CM1 showed 58% of rejection with 12 L/(m 2 h) flux and RCM 1 showed 55% of rejection with 15 L/(m 2 h) flux for 0.1 wt.% NaCl solution. Whereas, in 0.1 wt.% CaCl 2 solution, membrane CM 1 showed 78% of rejection with 12 L/(m 2 h) flux and RCM 1 showed 63% rejection with flux of 9 L/(m 2 h).
The widespread use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) has requested an urgent monitoring program regarding surface and drinking water. Analyzing EDTA at low-level concentrations such as µg l -1 in the environmental samples is quite complex using conventional methods. In this study, a simple, quick and sensitive capillary electrophoretic technique -large volume stacking using the EOF pump (LVSEP) -has been developed for determining EDTA in drinking water for the first time (EOF: electroosmotic flow). It is based on a precapillary complexation of EDTA with Fe(III) ions, followed by LVSEP and direct UV detection at 258 nm. The curve of peak response vs. concentration was linear between 5.0 and 600.0 µg l -1 , as well as between 0.7 and 30.0 mg l -1 . The regression coefficients were 0.9988 and 0.9990, respectively. The detection limit of current technique for EDTA analysis was 0.2 µg l -1 with additional 10-fold preconcentration procedure, based on the signal-tonoise ratio of 3. As opposed to the classical capillary electrophoresis (CE) method, a 1 000-fold concentration factor could be smoothly achieved on this LVSEP method. To the best of our knowledge, it represents the highest sensitivity for EDTA analysis via CE. Several drinking water samples were tested by this novel method with satisfactory results.
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