In Indonesian culture, mosques are mostly built by local communities. Through time, these local communities develop a sense of belonging to the mosques they built. Mosques then become more than a place of worship. During hard times such as disasters, these mosques often become a place to seek help and protection. However, many times in disasters such as an earthquake, which occur rapidly and unpredictably, these mosques were unable to carry out their sociocultural functions because of their own severe damage following the disaster. Therefore, this paper discusses the results of a seismic risk evaluation of 100 community mosques in the southern area of Malang Raya, one of the earthquakeprone areas along the southern coast of Java. The evaluation focussed on structural, architectural, and spatial aspects of the mosques based on field observation and visual documentation such as photographs and as-built drawings. One of the findings of this study is that the majority of the mosque buildings are gravity-only structures and unlikely to be earthquake-resistant. On the other hand, some architectural and spatial aspects of the mosques show some thoughtful considerations for their roles as places for the evacuation process and disaster support during emergency situations.
New Organic Architecture stated that building must belong to the hill, not of the hill. One of the new organic principles is to be inspired by nature to be sustainable, healthy, conserving, and diverse. This paper explains how the new organic architecture approach is applied on the building to create the illusion of no boundaries between interior and exterior of the building. Methods of this study is descriptive qualitative methods on how the building applied the new organic architecture principles, adopting content analysis and cross-reference by the Holy Qur’an and Hadiths. Producing environment-friendly building which merges with surrounding nature.
Cleanliness and purity are two of primary things in Islam. Moslems are supposed to maintain their cleanliness and purity in every aspect of their lives. In mosques, cleanliness of place is one of the most important aspects to be concerned because it is closely related to worship activities. However, mosques architecture these days are more concern about the aesthetical aspect rather than the cleanliness aspect. In this paper, an evaluation for the islamic cleanliness (thaharah) aspect has been explained for some great mosques, i.e. Jami' Mosque Malang, an-Nur Mosque Pare Kediri, and A.R. Fachruddin Mosque Muhammadiyah University of Malang. In these great mosques, the cleanliness and the purity problems often appear because of the failure in design, such as the position and the design of toilet, the thaharah system, the visitors' circulation, the building maintenance, etc. Because of these problems, a design guideline which has a priority in the aspect of cleanliness that can be applied in other mosques' architectural design is also described in this paper. Keywords: thaharah, mosque architecture, cleanliness AbstrakAspek kebersihan dan kesucian dalam Islam menjadi hal yang diutamakan. Umat Islam dianjurkan untuk selalu menjaga kebersihan dan kesucian dalam segala hal. Di masjid, kebersihan tempat merupakan salah satu aspek yang sangat penting untuk diperhatikan karena berhubungan langsung dengan hal ibadah. Desain arsitektur masjid sekarang ini lebih mengedepankan unsur estetik yang menyebabkan aspek kebersihan dan kesucian sering terabaikan. Evaluasi terhadap aspek kebersihan dan kesucian dilakukan pada beberapa masjid besar, seperti Masjid Jami' Kota Malang, Masjid An-Nur Pare Kabupaten Kediri dan Masjid A.R. Fachruddin Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang. Pada masjid-masjid tersebut, permasalahan kebersihan dan kesucian yang sering muncul disebabkan karena desain masjid yang kurang tepat, seperti tata letak, desain tempat wudhu dan toilet, sistem thaharah, pemeliharaan bangunan dan lain sebagainya. Dengan adanya permasalahanpermasalahan tersebut, maka diperlukan sebuah solusi desain yang universal sehingga nantinya dapat diterapkan pada semua desain arsitektur masjid yang lebih mengutamakan aspek kebersihan dan kesucian. Kata kunci: kebersihan, kesucian, arsitektur masjid PendahuluanMenurut bahasa (etimologi), masjid berarti tempat beribadah. Kata masjid sendiri berakar dari bahasa Arab, akar kata dari masjid adalah sajada dimana sajada berarti sujud atau tunduk. Kata masgid (m-s-g-d) ditemukan dalam sebuah inskripsi dari abad ke-5 sebelum masehi yang berarti "tiang suci" atau "tempat sembahan". Berdasarkan akar kata tersebut, hakikat dari masjid adalah tempat melakukan segala aktivitas yang berkaitan dengan kepatuhan kepada Allah semata. Oleh karena itu, masjid dapat diartikan lebih jauh, bukan hanya tempat shalat dan bersuci (berwudhu), namun juga sebagai tempat melaksanakan segala aktivitas kaum muslimin berkaitan dengan kepatuhan kepada Allah swt. 1 Selanjutnya, terdapat pula pengertian masjid menurut...
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