Yield stability in sweet corn and its dependence on G x E interaction were investigated in a series of two way experiments. Five Romanian sweet corn hybrids were tested in three years (2008-2010) in three locations of Central Transylvania in different soils and climatic conditions. The experiments were organized in a split plot design in which, on a general level of organic fertilization (40 t/ha manure), four levels of mineral N fertilization were applied (kg/ha, active matter): N0, typical for organic technologies; N50, corresponding to the low-input (sustainable) system; N100 and N150 customary with conventional system of agriculture. Based on ear yield data registered for hybrids in locations x years x cropping system, a phenotypic index (Pi) was computed for each sweet corn hybrid illustrating the stability of their cob yields, with and without husks. The share of genotypic and G x E effects in the total value of Pi have been estimated. In different agricultural systems the tested hybrids were classified differently based on their Pi values. It is concluded that, at least for the time being, the initiation of an organic breeding program for sweet corn, in Romania, is not economically justified since all semiearly and semilate tested hybrids yielded satisfactorily under organic agricultural practices. Moreover, among the recently released sweet corn hybrids one can find certain genotypes highly suitable to organic (i.e. ‘Deliciul verii’, ‘Estival’) or low input (‘Dulcin’, ‘Estival’) agricultural practices. These three hybrids recorded the highes ear yields (with and without husks) over years, locations and agricultural systems.
A review of the most important achievements in rose breeding at Cluj-Napoca, Romania, in the last 30 years is presented. During this period of time more than 90.000 hybrid individuals were obtained and checked concerning their ornamental value and em average•of 2.62% of selection efficiency was encountered. Hybrid combinations with the highest rates of successfit! selections are presented, as examples jar two years of artificial pollination programs. The actual results of this extensive breeding work are represented by nine new rose varieties released in Romania between 1970-1994 (Foe de tabara, Luchian, Simfonia, Rosabunda, Romstar, Incandescent, Auriu de Cluj, Rosalinda and Vigorosa) which are destined to open-air growing either for cutjlowers or as ornamentals in parks, gardens etc. The main growing characteristics of these new varieties are presented as well as their field resistance to blackspot, mildew and rust. The ornamental features of these varieties are also presented both in synthetic tables and in color photos. Additionally, the main growing and ornamental characteristics of other fourteen recent selections of rose are discussed, as well as their behavior in the National Comparative Trial Network. Finally, the prospects of rose breeding activity, at Cluj-Napoca are considered, both from a traditional point of view (for ornamental purposes) and ji•om a new and rather exciting one as a possible means of preventing soil erosion on steep slopes on which there are no or few choices for other antierosional crops.
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