This study investigates the complex of curcumin (CMN), which has enhanced solubility and hence, higher cytotoxicity compared to free CMN. Insilco molecular modelling and phase solubility (PS) studies were performed with the drug and carriers for interaction. The complex was characterized by in vitro drug release, FT-IR, PXRD, TGA, DSC, SEM, DLS, and functionalized dyeing test. The result showed that the CMN-PEG6000 complex produced significant properties of solubility (≈ 190 folds) and dissolution (80.68 % at 30 min), with stability constants equivalent to 309 and 377 M-1 at 25 and 37 °C, respectively. It exhibited AL type of isotherm indicating 1:1 stoichiometry. The result from the in vitro cytotoxicity showed that 50 % inhibition (IC50) was achieved on the SW480 and Caco-2 cells at an amount of complex that was considerably lesser than free CMN. Apoptosis study showed that the cells underwent cell death mainly by apoptosis with a small number by necrosis. HIGHLIGHTS Enhanced curcumin solubility up to 190 fold higher than pure curcumin was investigated The phase solubility results of curcumin range from 5.7×10-4 M-1 and 7.8×10-4 M-1 at 25 and 37 °C, respectively First time of novel dyeing test was performed with complex of curcumin, signified its solubility This study provides useful approach for obtaining curcumin products with maximum aqueous solubility GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

No abstract

Cerium oxide (CeO 2 ) nanoparticles were successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method with different reaction times. The synthesized CeO 2 nanoparticles were characterized by Powder X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), UV-Vis spectroscopy and FTIR spectroscopy. The effects of the reaction time on the structure and morphology of the prepared samples were investigated using XRD and SEM. The XRD studies reveal that the ceria nanoparticles have face-centered cubic structure. The SEM images reveal that the prepared Ceria nanoparticles are an aggregated form of spherical nanoparticles and the particle size decreases with increasing reaction time. FTIR analysis confirms the presence of CeO 2 in the prepared samples. UV-Vis spectral studies show that the UV cut off wavelength decreases and the optical band gap increases with increased reaction time. Photoluminescence (PL) studies indicate that the PL emission of both the samples occurs at 683 nm, however, the emission intensity increases with longer reaction times.

Calcium diacrylate (CDA) and calcium dimethacrylate (CDM) divinyl monomers were synthesized by a solvo thermal method. The FTIR spectra showed a peak at 1650 cm À1 due to the presence of a C¼ ¼C for both CDA and CDM. Proton NMR and carbon NMR confirmed the structure of CDA and CDM synthesized by a solvo thermal method. DSC determined the melting temperatures of CDA and CDM. XRD indicated the presence of a d 110 plane peak for CDA and CDM. The % weight residue that remained above 700 C in TGA method confirmed the higher thermal stability of CDA.Thus, synthesized CDA and CDM were surface grafted on linear low density poly(ethylene) (LLDPE) at 160 C under inert atmosphere by thermolysis method. FTIR confirmed the presence of C¼ ¼O stretching due to CDA and CDM in LLDPE backbone after thermolysis reaction.1 H-NMR confirmed the chemical grafting of CDM onto LLDPE.

A new ruthenium arsine complex was prepared by reacting equimolar ratio of [RuBr3(AsPh3)3] and 2-benzoyl pyridine. It was characterized by microanalysis, FT-IR and single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. X-ray diffraction data showed the distorted octahedral geometry of the complex. The pyridine nitrogen and carbonyl oxygen of the ligand coordinated with the metal center. Antioxidant activity of the complex was analyzed using different assays, which manifested significant activity. It has been found that a newly synthesized complex possessed better antioxidant activity than the ligand and precursor complex.

Susceptibility of Malassezia furfur to certain medium chain fatty acids shed light onto novel strategies to control dandruff. This study explored antidandruff activity of the fatty acids and other bioactive compounds from flowers of Cassia auriculata and Cassia alata. The idea was supplementing the growth medium with fatty acids which are inhibitory to Malassezia so that plant-based antidandruff formulations could be developed based on the results. Chloroform and ethanolic flower extracts were tested there in vitro efficacy against M. furfur and the potential antidandruff compounds were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS). Minimum inhibitory concentrations were determined for both the extracts and IC50 values of 50 and 88 µM for chloroform extract of C. auriculata and C. alata were recorded. For ethanol extract, IC50 values of 75 and 70 µM were exhibited by C. auriculata and C. alata, respectively. Inhibition of M. furfur through fatty acids from Cassia is the first report, and it is possible to include specific fatty acids in the growth media to inhibit the growth of Malassezia which could be later served as lead molecules in antidandruff formulations. Further, the presence of citronellol, pinitol, anthracenedione and chrysine in Cassia flower extracts and their antidandruff activity reported in this study needed further research on those compounds to formulate effective treatment of Malassezia associated diseases.

No abstract

No abstract