La curva de Kuznets de carbono ha sido un tema ampliamente estudiado por la economía ambiental empírica y altamente controversial debido sobre todo a sus consecuencias para la elaboración política contra el cambio climático. Este trabajo está dirigido a analizar la relación entre emisiones de dióxido de carbono y producto para un conjunto de países de la América Latina y el Caribe utilizando un enfoque semiparamétrico. Los resultados confirman la inexistencia de una curva de Kuznets de carbono en la región y ofrecen pruebas en favor de un proceso de relocalización de emisiones, verificando la hipótesis del paraíso de contaminadores en los países de menores ingresos. En este contexto, “esperar y crecer” es una solución totalmente inviable para la situación ambiental en la América Latina y el Caribe. En su lugar, surge con urgencia la necesidad de crear una política climática dirigida a adaptar y mitigar los efectos del cambio climático en la región
This paper deals with the equilibria of games when the agents have multiple objectives and, therefore, their utilities cannot be represented by a single value, but by a vector containing the various dimensions of the utility. Our approach allows the incorporation of partial information about the preferences of the agents into the model, and permits the identification of the set of equilibria in accordance with this information. We also propose an additional conservative criterion which can be applied in this framework in order to predict the results of interaction.The potential application of the theoretical results is shown with an analysis of a mixed oligopoly in which the agents value additional objectives other than their own benefit. These objectives are related to social welfare and to the profit of the industry. The flexibility of our approach provides a general theoretical framework for the analysis of a wide range of strategic economic models.
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