Introduction Many countries have diverse population and hence, studies have been conducted to find the relation between ethnic or racial groups within a society and incidence or mortality due to COVID‐19. Objectives Aim of the study was to evaluate the racial effect on severity of disease and in‐hospital outcome in individuals diagnosed with COVID‐19. Material and Methods This retrospective study based on records of 804 tested positive COVID‐19 patients presented at Dammam Medical Complex and Braira quarantine during March to May 2020 was conducted after approval from the ethical board. Patient’s records included the routine patient’s consent statement about explanation of all the investigations and procedures prior to be performed. Data were retrieved included in analysis were age, gender, country of origin, racial background (Arab, Caucasian, Asian, Black, Latin, and Hispanic), severity of COVID‐19 and outcome. Results Out of total 804 confirmed patients of covid‐19, there were 647 (80.5%) males and 157 (19.5%) females (M: F ratio = 4.1: 1). Male preponderance was seen in all racial groups, and significantly higher in Asian than the Middle Eastern race (91.2% vs. 70.3%, p=0.000). Mean age of Asians was significantly higher than the mean age of the Middle Eastern and Black & Caucasian races (42.8±10.0 vs. 39.6±16.3 vs. 37.0±10.3, p=0.003). proportion of deaths was significantly high among Asians (5.4%) compare to Middle Eastern patients (1.2%) (p‐value 0.001). Conclusion Severity and in‐hospital outcome were varying significantly among the racial groups. East & South Asian COVID‐19 patients had more severe symptoms and less recovery rate compare to other groups, late presentation may be a contributory reason.

Background: Influenza infection can cause severe complications and hospitalization in patients with end-stage renal disease. Despite the importance of influenza vaccination in preventing such complications, adherence to vaccination among these patients is often inadequate. Objective: To investigate the factors that predict influenza vaccination adherence among patients undergoing in-center dialysis in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. Methods: Analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in dialysis units of different hospitals in Taif City, Saudi Arabia. A predesigned questionnaire was used for data collection which included questions related to sociodemographic characteristics, knowledge about influenza vaccination, perceived risks of influenza infection, and vaccine-related questions. Results: A total of 463 individuals were included in the analysis. The median score for knowledge was 6/10, with 60.9% of patients demonstrating good knowledge. In terms of vaccination status, 64.1% had received the influenza vaccine for the current year, with 47.3% adhering to yearly vaccination, 23.1% receiving vaccines irregularly, and 29.6% never receiving the vaccine. Among those who did not receive the vaccine, 21.8% were concerned about the side effects, 15.1% did not believe in the vaccine's effectiveness, and 14.5% were influenced by the media. Adherence to vaccination was significantly associated with good knowledge (OR=2.4), a higher perceived risk of hospitalization (OR=2), and a higher perceived risk of death (OR=2.2). Conclusion: In conclusion, the study reports predictors that influence influenza vaccine adherence among patients receiving dialysis in Saudi Arabia. Furthermore, the study highlights the importance of knowledge, perceived risk, and healthcare workers' advice in influenza vaccine adherence among patients receiving dialysis.

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