Along with the pragmatic revolution has come the realisation that some children have major difficulties in engaging and maintaining conversational interaction. The present study displays the evolving profile of a boy, Tony, who experiences problems in this area. It is argued that in order to understand the nature of such problems it is necessary not only to have detailed and rigorous analysis of language samples but also data collected across time and in areas other than conversational development.
The use of learning objects (LOs), small chunks of learning stored digitally and reused or referenced to support learning, was described as a promising approach to the creation of e-learning modules or programmes. In practice, however, the early enthusiasm has waned and the approach has not been widely adopted. It is argued that this was due, at least in part, to a neglect of the pedagogy and an emphasis on the technical aspects of interoperability and reusability. This article describes a practical approach to constructing a learning module using LOs where a commentary links LOs selected for inclusion in the programme. The commentary tells the story of the e-learning module and provides the learner with a context for an LO. It can be viewed as a 'personal learning assistant' that advises students about the management of their learning and relates the e-learning module to the overall learning outcomes for the curriculum. The commentary also allows the lecturer to comment on LOs selected for inclusion in the programme which otherwise might have to be adapted or excluded when the programme was constructed. The use of a commentary to link and introduce LOs has been successfully adopted in the development of e-learning programmes. Teachers are encouraged to consider the approach and to look again at the use of LOs to create e-learning resources.
This paper describes how the needs of children with specific language difficulties are assessed and met in Liverpool. It describes (a) the assessment procedure at the Child Development Centre, in particular the joint assessment of language and cognition; (b) the links between the child development centre and the Liverpool language units; and (c) the interdisciplinary way in which this is done. It is argued that the main strengths of this set-up are continuity of care, answerability to parents, and the effective use of resources.Liverpool was one of the first local education authorities in Britain to set up units for children needing intensive speech therapy input and a teaching approach and curriculum geared to their special language needs. The first three of these language units opened in 1974. The impetus behind this was the combined enthusiasm of four people: a consultant paediatric neurologist, the then head of the Liverpool School Psychological Service, a senior speech therapist, and a teacher. The first three were, at that time, working together in the Language Assessment Clinic of the regional Child Development Centre (CDC) at Alder Hey Childrens Hospital, and the teacher worked in the Day Unit in the CDC, which was increasingly specializing in children with language difficulties.In the twelve years since then, four more language units have opened, and the original close link between their work and that of the CDC has at Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen on May 27, 2015 clt.sagepub.com Downloaded from 152 been maintained and strengthened. We believe that this link has helped to bring about an exceptionally interdisciplinary way of working which has encouraged continuity of care, answerability to parents, and the effective use of resources. Criticisms can also be made of aspects of the close-knit style of working which has evolved, and after outlining the structure of the service and briefly indicating assessment and therapy approaches, this paper concludes with the authors' own view of what are the major strengths and weaknesses of the system described. Joint language clinicsThe organization of the assessment procedures at the CDC and of the language units themselves has gone through many modifications over the years and continues to do so.
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