No abstract

Anemia defisiensi besi (ADB) masih merupakan suatu masalah kesehatan di Indonesia.Hasil survai rumah tangga tahun 1995 ditemukan 40,5% anak balita dan 47,2% anakusia sekolah menderita ADB. Anemia defisiensi besi dapat menyebabkan terjadinyaberbagai komplikasi antara lain berupa gangguan fungsi kognitif, penurunan daya tahantubuh, tumbuh kembang yang terlambat, penurunan aktivitas, dan perubahan tingkahlaku. Oleh karena itu masalah ini memerlukan cara penanganan dan pencegahan yangtepat. Diagnosis ditegakkan berdasarkan adanya gejala pucat menahun tanpa disertaiperdarahan maupun organomali. Pemeriksaan darah tepi menunjukkan anemia mikrositerhipokrom, sedangkan jumlah leukosit, trombosit dan hitung jenis normal. Diagnosisdipastikan dengan pemeriksaan kadar besi dalam serum. Pemberian preparat besi secaraselama 3-5 bulan ditujukan untuk mengembalikan kadar hemoglobin dan persediaanbesi di dalam tubuh ke keadaan normal. Mencari dan mengatasi penyebab merupakanhal yang penting untuk mencegah kekambuhan. Antisipasi harus di lakukan sejak pasiendalam stadium I (stadium deplesi besi) dan stadium II (stadium kekurangan besi).Dianjurkan pula untuk memberikan preparat besi pada individu dengan risiko tinggiuntuk terjadinya ADB antara lain untuk individu dari keluarga dengan sosial ekonomirendah.

The frequencies of 30 HL-A antigens were studied in an Indonesian population of 95 individuals from the city of Jakarta. The antigens HL-AS, or more precisely W24, and HL-A1 1 (first series) and W15 (second series) occurred with high frequencies, whereas HL-A8, W14 and W22 were completely absent. These results are consistent with previous reports of HL-A typing in South East Asian populations.

Over six million cases of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) were reported globally by the second quarter of 2020. This study assessed the COVID-19 related knowledge, attitudes, practices and misconceptions in Katsina state, Nigeria. The study is across-sectional survey of 722 respondents using an electronic questionnaire through the WhatsApp media platform. One thousand five hundred questionnaires were sent to the general public with a response rate of 48%. Among the respondents, 60% were men, and 56% held bachelor’s degree and above. The respondents have good knowledge of COVID-19 (80% correct rate on questions related to knowledge). Being more educated is associated with both higher average COVID-19 knowledge score and positive COVID-19 related practices. Overall, >70% of the respondents have a positive attitude towards successful COVID-19 control. Male were more likely than female (Fisher’s exact test P value < 0.05) to have recently attended a crowded place. Among the respondents, 83% held at least one misconception related to COVID-19. Respondents at all levels of education frequently chose to trust health unit and health care workers for relevant COVID-19 information. In conclusion, although there is high COVID-19 related knowledge among the respondents, misconceptions are widespread among them. These misconceptions have consequences on the short- and long-term control efforts against the disease and hence should be incorporated in targeted campaigns. Healthcare related personnel should be at the forefront of the campaign. Keywords: COVID-19; knowledge; attitude; practices; misconceptions; Nigeria