PCNL with multiple tracts carries a risk of adversely affecting renal function. Preoperative baseline renal impairment, diabetes, and hypertension are risk factors for significant renal function deterioration after the procedure.

Despite previous reports suggesting a much higher incidence of complications in older children the complication rate is within the acceptable range for infant hypospadias repair in some series. However, these complications were statistically significantly different between the older groups when compared with the recommended age group under American Academy of Pediatrics guidelines.

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Introduction The aim of this study was to analyze the outcomes of dorsolateral onlay buccal mucosal graft (BMG) and ventral onlay local penile skin flap (LPF) urethroplasty in the management of long segment penile urethral stricture (PUS). Material and methods Through a prospective study conducted between October 2014 and May 2018, 84 patients with long segment PUS were randomly assigned to receive either dorsolateral onlay BMG (Group 1 which included 42 patients) or ventral onlay PSF urethroplasty (Group 2 which included 42 patients). The success rate and surgical outcomes were compared in both groups. Results The success rate was 92.9% in Group 1 and 85.7% in Group 2 (p = 0.5). Postoperative short segment urethral stricture at the site of proximal anastomosis was reported in 3 patients in Group 1. Six patients in Group 2 were considered as a treatment failure, 3 of them due to recurrence of long segment urethral stricture after 6 months, and 3 patients developed ring urethral stricture at the site of proximal anastomosis managed by direct vision internal urethrotomy. Conclusions On an intermediate term follow-up, dorsolateral onlay BMG and ventral onlay LPF provide similar success rates in penile urethroplasty, with essentially comparable postoperative morbidity. However, further studies with bigger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods may be required to determine subtle differences between both techniques.

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