Maize (Zea mays L.) var.Giza 151 was intercropped for 2008 and 2009 seasons between hedgerows of leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala L.) spaced 3 or 5 m apart, while maize was planted in hills 40 cm apart in rows spaced 75 cm, in loamy sand soil at Kom-Ombo Tropical Farm, Aswan Botanical Garden, Hort. Res. Inst., Agric. Res. Center, Egypt. The leucaena was cut at a height of 30 or 60 cm, 2 or 3 times per season and the fresh prunings spread as a mulch between the rows of maize. The yield of maize from mulched plots was measured and compared with that from plots fertilized with nitrogen as urea at 0, 30 or 60 kg N/fed.year. In the two seasons, leucaena dry yield was significantly affected by leucaena mulch treatments with the highest values 1131.28 g/ m row and 6787 g/ plot were due to 30 cm height and two cuts per season for hedgerow spacing of 3 m, while the lowest values 723.9 g/ m row and 4343.6 g/ plot were recorded with the 60 cm height, 3 cuts, 5 m treatment. However, the effect of leucaena pruning treatments was differed for N and protein contents in leucaena leaves, while the concentrations of N and protein were increased by using 30 cm height and 3 cuts per season of 5 m spaced leucaena. On the other hand, 60 cm height with two cuttings/ season in 5 m spaced leucaena increased cellulose content in leucaena prunings compared to the other treatments. Higher maize yields were obtained with supplementation with 60 kg N/ fed. Addition of leucaena prunings was able to sustain maize yields at moderate levels, for two consecutive years with no N addition. Addition of leucaena prunings improved soil fertility as increment of organic matter percentage and decreased the values of pH and E.C in the soil. (the results which are mentioned at the means of to seasons)
Evaluation of biomass and some physical and chemical properties of Dendrocalamus stricus 6-year-old (Barkley et al) grown under sewage water in Sarabuim Ismailia Governorate were conducted during the season of 2009. It is shown from data that, plants where cut has weight of 3.622 kg then weight decreased to 1.203 kg after 100days from cutting. Also culm diameter decreased from 2.446 cm to 2.075 cm after 80 days from cutting. It is observed that NPK differed from group to other, the group C (culm diameter more than 4 cm) has the highest content of nitrogen while, P and K are less than the group which their plants culm less than 0.4 cm. Wood extracts, cellulose and lignin are increased with increasing plant culm diameter. So the group C (culm diameter more than 4 cm) has the largest amount of cellulose, lignin and fiber length (77.437%, 81.197% and 1.85 mm), respectively. Also group C (culm diameter more than 4 cm) has the largest content of heavy metal (Ni, Cd and Pb) 121.83, 8.160 and 50.773 mg/100 g., respectively. Branches number and their weight increased from group A (culm diameter less than 3 cm) to group C (culm diameter more than 4 cm) (culm diameter is above 4 cm) and group B (culm diameter 3-4 cm) in between.
Extrusion snack was made from yellow corn grits and its blends had contained corn grits, barley, chickpea, cumin, black cumin, black pepper and watercress seeds at different levels to give control and six groups (3 blends for each) to give nineteen blends considerable as watercress seeds of ingredient and products were defined as chemical, constituents, physical properties and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the chickpea had contained the highest in protein content and total lipids 40.60 and 19.50%. The black pepper, chickpea and cumin seeds had contained higher in crude fiber (14.20, 10.71 and 10.50, respectively). The extrusion snack blends made from watercress seeds showed that the protein content was the highest in group No., (2) (blend No., 4, 5 and 6) was amounted 14.93, 16.33 and 17.73 %. Total lipids, crude fiber and ash content were decreased gradually in the extrusion snack blends from group (6) 3.00, 3.12 and 3.01% and the highest in total lipids in group No., 2 which contained 4.23,4.86 and 5.71%, respectively. Hunter color values of snacks control and its extruded different blends made from watercress seeds the group no. (6) (blend No., 16, 17 and 18) prepared with 60% corn grits and 15, 10 and 5% barley and also 6% watercress seeds showed that higher in lightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) till 15% chickpea and nearly control snacks. Moreover, the highest water absorption index (WAI) and water soluble index (WSI) were in groups No., (1 and 2) (blends from No., 1 to 6, respectively) made from 40% corn grits and 40, 35, 30 and 25% barley. The sensory properties the results showed that the extrusion blend No., 18 made from 20% chickpea and 5% barley the highest acceptability (93%) and nearly or equal control (96%) followed by 10 and 15% chickpea plus 15 and 10% barley were gave 89.0 and 91.0% during overall acceptability. The resultant from texture analysis profile were ensure the obviously results.
The present study was conducted during 2012 and 2013 in Serabium forest. The aim of this study was to estimate tree biomass and some wood mechanical properties of Cupressus sempervirens L and Corymbia citriodora Hook. The results showed that C. citriodora was superior over C. sempervirens for most of biomass parameters (total and merchantable height, total volume, green and dry weight and total above-ground biomass) at the age of 5 and 7 years. However, the increment percentage of biomass from 5 to 7 years of age was higher in C. sempervirens than C. citriodora. Mechanical properties obtained from the static bending test, Modulus of Elasticity (MOE), Modulus of rupture (MOR), and Tensile strength recorded higher mean values as the trees get older while they recorded lower mean values from base to top within the tree for both species. Mean values of MOE, MOR and Ten.st. for C. sempervirens at age of 7 years old at DBH were 8128.5, 83.0 and 64.4 N/mm 2 ; respectively, while, these values were 15503.5, 158.8 and 149.0 N/mm 2 ; respectively for C. citriodora. These results revealed that, wood mechanical properties for C. citriodora were higher than C. sempervirens.
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